Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU), Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8121F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20550-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Bloco A, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 217, bloco A, Centro, Niteroi, RJ, CEP 24030-060, Brazil.
Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LABSAU), Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State. Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8121F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20550-900, Brazil.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2024 Sep;124:105451. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105451. Epub 2024 Apr 22.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) promotes similar or superior gains in physical fitness and health compared to continuous moderate-intensity training (MICT) in young individuals. However, the effectiveness of HIIT in older adults is uncertain.
This meta-analysis compared the effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, vascular, metabolic, and hormonal variables, cognitive function, and quality of life in older adults.
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and SportDiscus databases were searched from inception until December 2023. Trials included adults ≥ 60 y. Hedge's effect sizes (g) were calculated and study quality and features of training interventions were tested as moderators.
Twenty-nine trials including 1,227 subjects (65.4 ± 3.3 y). HIIT and MICT elicited significant (p < 0.021) and similar (p > 0.156) 'gs' for VO (0.722 vs. 0.490), maximal workload/peak power output ratio (0.290 vs. 0.372),% fat (-0.297 vs. -0.262), glycemia (-0.273 vs. -0.334), systolic (-0.465 vs. -0.341), and diastolic blood pressure (-0.566 vs. -2.311). HIIT (p < 0.04) but not MICT (p > 0.170) produced significant 'gs' for fat mass (-0.245 vs. -0.103), waist circumference (-0.239 vs. -0.116), testosterone (0.339 vs. 0.170), and complex Stroop test (-0.595 vs. -0.250). Increases in the VO occurred only in controlled trials after HIIT but not MICT (Q = 6.286, p = 0.012; HITT-g = 1.068, p < 0.0001 vs. MICT-g = 0.109, p= 0.596).
HIIT and MICT produced similar changes in most of the investigated variables. In trials with greater quality (controlled vs. non-controlled trials), cardiorespiratory gains were higher in HIIT vs. MICT. These findings suggest that HIIT might be suitable for improving fitness and health in older adults.
高强度间歇训练（HIIT）在促进心肺健康方面与持续中等强度训练（MICT）相似，甚至优于后者，这在年轻人中已经得到了证实。然而，HIIT 在老年人中的有效性尚不确定。
本荟萃分析比较了 HIIT 和 MICT 对老年人心肺功能、身体成分、血管、代谢和激素变量、认知功能和生活质量的影响。
从建库起至 2023 年 12 月，检索了 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、Web of Science、Scopus 和 SportDiscus 数据库。试验纳入年龄≥60 岁的成年人。计算了 Hedge 的效应大小（g），并测试了研究质量和训练干预的特征作为调节因素。
纳入 29 项试验，共 1227 名受试者（65.4±3.3 岁）。HIIT 和 MICT 均引起了 VO2（0.722 比 0.490）、最大工作负荷/峰值功率输出比（0.290 比 0.372）、%脂肪（-0.297 比-0.262）、血糖（-0.273 比-0.334）、收缩压（-0.465 比-0.341）和舒张压（-0.566 比-2.311）的显著（p＜0.021）和相似（p＞0.156）的“g”值。只有 HIIT（p＜0.04）而不是 MICT（p＞0.170）产生了脂肪质量（-0.245 比-0.103）、腰围（-0.239 比-0.116）、睾酮（0.339 比 0.170）和复杂斯特鲁普测试（-0.595 比-0.250）的显著“g”值。仅在 HIIT 后而非 MICT 后进行的对照试验中观察到 VO2 的增加（Q=6.286，p=0.012；HITT-g=1.068，p＜0.0001 比 MICT-g=0.109，p=0.596）。
HIIT 和 MICT 在大多数研究变量中产生了相似的变化。在质量更高的试验中（对照试验比非对照试验），HIIT 比 MICT 更能提高心肺功能。这些发现表明 HIIT 可能适合改善老年人的健康状况。
