School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Exp Gerontol. 2021 Jul 15;150:111345. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111345. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related characteristics of adults; however, its impact in the older population remains highly debated. This review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related outcomes in older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until July 2020) for randomized trials comparing the effect of HIIT on physical fitness, metabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies; Stata 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis. HIIT significantly improved the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO) as compared to a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol (HIIT vs. MICT: weighted mean difference = 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.80-2.69, p < 0.001). Additional subgroup analyses determined that training periods >12 weeks, training frequencies of 2 sessions/week, session lengths of 40 min, 6 sets and repetitions, training times per repetition of >60 s, and rest times of <90 s were more effective for VO. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that HIIT induces favorable adaptions in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, muscle power, cardiac contractile function, mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, and reduced blood triglyceride and glucose levels in older individuals, which may help to maintain aerobic fitness and slow down the process of sarcopenia.
高强度间歇训练（HIIT）可以有效地提高成年人的峰值耗氧量、身体成分、身体素质和健康相关特征；然而，其在老年人群中的影响仍存在很大争议。本综述和荟萃分析旨在评估高强度间歇训练对老年人心肺功能、身体成分、身体素质和健康相关结果的影响。四个电子数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Medline 和 Web of Science）被检索（截至 2020 年 7 月），以比较 HIIT 对老年人身体素质、代谢参数和心肺功能的影响的随机试验。使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险评估工具评估纳入研究的方法学质量；使用 Stata 14.0 软件进行统计分析。与中等强度持续训练（MICT）方案相比，HIIT 显著提高了最大耗氧量（VO）（HIIT 与 MICT：加权均数差=1.74，95%置信区间：0.80-2.69，p<0.001）。额外的亚组分析确定，训练周期>12 周、每周 2 次训练、每次 40 分钟、6 组和重复次数、每次重复训练时间>60 秒、休息时间<90 秒的方案对 VO 更为有效。本系统评价和荟萃分析表明，HIIT 可诱导老年人心肺功能、身体素质、肌肉力量、心脏收缩功能、线粒体柠檬酸合酶活性的有利适应性，降低血液甘油三酯和葡萄糖水平，有助于维持有氧适能并减缓肌少症的发展。
