Current affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering and Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; email:
Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Oct;40(1):241-264. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111822-113326. Epub 2024 Sep 21.
Ribosomes synthesize protein in all cells. Maintaining both the correct number and composition of ribosomes is critical for protein homeostasis. To address this challenge, cells have evolved intricate quality control mechanisms during assembly to ensure that only correctly matured ribosomes are released into the translating pool. However, these assembly-associated quality control mechanisms do not deal with damage that arises during the ribosomes' exceptionally long lifetimes and might equally compromise their function or lead to reduced ribosome numbers. Recent research has revealed that ribosomes with damaged ribosomal proteins can be repaired by the release of the damaged protein, thereby ensuring ribosome integrity at a fraction of the energetic cost of producing new ribosomes, appropriate for stress conditions. In this article, we cover the types of ribosome damage known so far, and then we review the known repair mechanisms before surveying the literature for possible additional instances of repair.
核糖体在所有细胞中合成蛋白质。维持核糖体的正确数量和组成对于蛋白质的平衡至关重要。为了应对这一挑战，细胞在组装过程中进化出了复杂的质量控制机制，以确保只有成熟正确的核糖体被释放到翻译池。然而，这些与组装相关的质量控制机制并不能处理核糖体在其异常长的寿命期间产生的损伤，这些损伤同样会影响其功能或导致核糖体数量减少。最近的研究表明，受损的核糖体蛋白可以通过释放受损的蛋白质来修复核糖体，从而以产生新核糖体的能量成本的一小部分确保核糖体的完整性，这对于应激条件是合适的。在本文中，我们介绍了迄今为止已知的核糖体损伤类型，然后在综述文献中可能存在的其他修复实例之前，我们回顾了已知的修复机制。
