Gao Wei, Zhou Jianping, Morshedi Mohammadamin
Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Cancer Cell Int. 2024 May 9;24(1):163. doi: 10.1186/s12935-024-03338-w.
It is commonly assumed that gastrointestinal cancer is the most common form of cancer across the globe and is the leading contributor to cancer-related death. The intricate mechanisms underlying the growth of GI cancers have been identified. It is worth mentioning that both non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and certain types of RNA, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), can have considerable impact on the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. As a tumour suppressor, in the group of short non-coding regulatory RNAs is miR-34a. miR-34a silences multiple proto-oncogenes at the post-transcriptional stage by targeting them, which inhibits all physiologically relevant cell proliferation pathways. However, it has been discovered that deregulation of miR-34a plays important roles in the growth of tumors and the development of cancer, including invasion, metastasis, and the tumor-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further understanding of miR-34a's molecular pathways in cancer is also necessary for the development of precise diagnoses and effective treatments. We outlined the most recent research on miR-34a functions in GI cancers in this review. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of exosomal miR-34 in gastrointestinal cancers.
人们普遍认为，胃肠道癌是全球最常见的癌症形式，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。胃肠道癌生长背后的复杂机制已被确定。值得一提的是，非编码RNA（ncRNAs）和某些类型的RNA，如环状RNA（circRNAs）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）和微小RNA（miRNAs），都可能对胃肠道（GI）癌的发展产生重大影响。作为一种肿瘤抑制因子，miR-34a属于短链非编码调节RNA。miR-34a通过靶向多个原癌基因，在转录后阶段使其沉默，从而抑制所有与生理相关的细胞增殖途径。然而，已经发现miR-34a的失调在肿瘤生长和癌症发展中发挥重要作用，包括侵袭、转移以及肿瘤相关的上皮-间质转化（EMT）。进一步了解miR-34a在癌症中的分子途径对于精准诊断和有效治疗的发展也很有必要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了miR-34a在胃肠道癌中功能的最新研究。此外，我们强调了外泌体miR-34在胃肠道癌中的重要性。
