Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 28;25(9):4815. doi: 10.3390/ijms25094815.
Photosystem I (PS I) is a photosynthetic pigment-protein complex that absorbs light and uses the absorbed energy to initiate electron transfer. Electron transfer has been shown to occur concurrently along two (A- and B-) branches of reaction center (RC) cofactors. The electron transfer chain originates from a special pair of chlorophyll molecules (P700), followed by two chlorophylls and one phylloquinone in each branch (denoted as A, A, A, respectively), converging in a single iron-sulfur complex F. While there is a consensus that the ultimate electron donor-acceptor pair is P700A, the involvement of A in electron transfer, as well as the mechanism of the very first step in the charge separation sequence, has been under debate. To resolve this question, multiple groups have targeted electron transfer cofactors by site-directed mutations. In this work, the peripheral hydrogen bonds to keto groups of A chlorophylls have been disrupted by mutagenesis. Four mutants were generated: PsaA-Y692F; PsaB-Y667F; PsaB-Y667A; and a double mutant PsaA-Y692F/PsaB-Y667F. Contrary to expectations, but in agreement with density functional theory modeling, the removal of the hydrogen bond by Tyr → Phe substitution was found to have a negligible effect on redox potentials and optical absorption spectra of respective chlorophylls. In contrast, Tyr → Ala substitution was shown to have a fatal effect on the PS I function. It is thus inferred that PsaA-Y692 and PsaB-Y667 residues have primarily structural significance, and their ability to coordinate respective chlorophylls in electron transfer via hydrogen bond plays a minor role.
光系统 I(PSI)是一种光合色素-蛋白复合物,它吸收光并利用吸收的能量启动电子转移。电子转移已被证明同时沿着反应中心(RC)辅因子的两个(A-和 B-)分支发生。电子转移链始于一对特殊的叶绿素分子(P700),然后在每个分支中分别有两个叶绿素和一个叶绿醌(分别表示为 A、A、A),在一个单一的铁-硫复合物 F 中汇聚。虽然人们普遍认为最终的电子供体-受体对是 P700A,但 A 在电子转移中的参与以及电荷分离序列中第一个步骤的机制一直存在争议。为了解决这个问题,多个小组通过定点突变靶向电子转移辅因子。在这项工作中,通过突变破坏了 A 叶绿素酮基团的外围氢键。生成了四个突变体:PsaA-Y692F;PsaB-Y667F;PsaB-Y667A;和双突变体 PsaA-Y692F/PsaB-Y667F。与预期相反,但与密度泛函理论建模一致,用 Tyr→Phe 取代消除氢键被发现对各自叶绿素的氧化还原电位和光吸收光谱几乎没有影响。相比之下,Tyr→Ala 取代对 PSI 功能有致命影响。因此,可以推断 PsaA-Y692 和 PsaB-Y667 残基主要具有结构意义,它们通过氢键协调各自叶绿素在电子转移中的能力仅起次要作用。