Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Nutrients. 2024 Apr 24;16(9):1261. doi: 10.3390/nu16091261.
Hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus type 2 are among the most important metabolic diseases globally. Diet plays a vital role in the development and progression of both clinical pictures. For the 10-week randomized, controlled, intervention study, 67 subjects with elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations (≥1.7 mmol/L) and 69 subjects with elevated fasting glucose concentrations (≥5.6 < 7.0 mmol/L) were recruited. The intervention groups received specially developed, individualized menu plans and regular counseling sessions to lower (A) TG or (B) fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c as well as other cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors. The hypertriglyceridemia intervention group was further supplemented with fish oil (3.5 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid). The two control groups maintained a typical Western diet. Blood samples were taken every 2 weeks, and anthropometric data were collected. A follow-up examination was conducted after another 10 weeks. In both intervention groups, there were comparable significant reductions in blood lipids, glucose metabolism, and anthropometric parameters. These results were, with a few exceptions, significantly more pronounced in the intervention groups than in the corresponding control groups (comparison of percentage change from baseline). In particular, body weight was reduced by 7.4% (6.4 kg) and 7.5% (5.9 kg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 19.8% (0.8 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.5 mmol/L), TG concentrations by 18.2% (0.3 mmol/L) and 13.0% (0.2 mmol/L), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance by 31.8% (1.1) and 26.4% (0.9) ( < 0.05) in the hypertriglyceridemia and prediabetes intervention groups, respectively. Some of these changes were maintained until follow-up. In patients with elevated TG or fasting glucose, implementing individualized menu plans in combination with regular counseling sessions over 10 weeks led to a significant improvement in cardiovascular and diabetic risk factors.
高甘油三酯血症和 2 型糖尿病是全球最重要的代谢性疾病之一。饮食在这两种临床表现的发展和进展中起着至关重要的作用。在这项为期 10 周的随机、对照、干预研究中，共招募了 67 名血浆甘油三酯（TG）浓度升高（≥1.7mmol/L）和 69 名空腹血糖浓度升高（≥5.6<7.0mmol/L）的受试者。干预组接受了专门制定的个性化菜单计划和定期咨询，以降低（A）TG 或（B）空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白 A1c 以及其他心血管和糖尿病危险因素。高甘油三酯血症干预组还额外补充了鱼油（3.5g/d 二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸）。两个对照组保持典型的西方饮食。每两周采集一次血样，并收集人体测量数据。10 周后进行了随访检查。在两个干预组中，血脂、葡萄糖代谢和人体测量参数均有可比的显著降低。除少数例外，这些结果在干预组中比相应的对照组更为明显（与基线相比的百分比变化比较）。特别是体重降低了 7.4%（6.4kg）和 7.5%（5.9kg），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度降低了 19.8%（0.8mmol/L）和 13.0%（0.5mmol/L），TG 浓度降低了 18.2%（0.3mmol/L）和 13.0%（0.2mmol/L），胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估分别降低了 31.8%（1.1）和 26.4%（0.9）（<0.05）。在高甘油三酯血症和糖尿病前期干预组中，一些变化持续到随访。在 TG 或空腹血糖升高的患者中，实施个性化菜单计划并结合 10 周的定期咨询可显著改善心血管和糖尿病危险因素。
