Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Beykent University, Istanbul 34520, Turkey.
Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
Nutrients. 2024 May 2;16(9):1383. doi: 10.3390/nu16091383.
Monitoring glycemic control status is the cornerstone of diabetes management. This study aimed to reveal whether moderate-carbohydrate (CHO) diets increase the risk of free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and it presents the short-term effects of four different diet models on blood sugar, glycemic variability (GV), and FFA levels. This crossover study included 17 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to identify the effects of four diets with different CHO contents and glycemic index (GI) on GV and plasma FFA levels. Diet 1 (D1) contained 40% CHO with a low GI, diet 2 (D2) contained 40% CHO with a high GI, diet 3 (D3) contained 60% CHO with a low GI, and diet 4 (D4) contained 60% CHO with a high GI. Interventions were performed with sensor monitoring in four-day periods and completed in four weeks. No statistical difference was observed among the groups in terms of blood glucose area under the curve ( = 0.78), mean blood glucose levels ( = 0.28), GV ( = 0.59), and time in range ( = 0.567). FFA and total triglyceride levels were higher in the D1 group ( < 0.014 and = 0.002, respectively). Different diets may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by affecting GI, FFA, and blood glucose levels.
监测血糖控制状况是糖尿病管理的基石。本研究旨在揭示中等碳水化合物（CHO）饮食是否会增加游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平，并展示四种不同饮食模式对血糖、血糖变异性（GV）和 FFA 水平的短期影响。这项交叉研究纳入了 17 例 1 型糖尿病患者，以确定不同 CHO 含量和血糖指数（GI）的四种饮食对 GV 和血浆 FFA 水平的影响。饮食 1（D1）含有 40%CHO 和低 GI，饮食 2（D2）含有 40%CHO 和高 GI，饮食 3（D3）含有 60%CHO 和低 GI，饮食 4（D4）含有 60%CHO 和高 GI。采用传感器监测进行为期四天的干预，并在四周内完成。组间血糖曲线下面积（ = 0.78）、平均血糖水平（ = 0.28）、GV（ = 0.59）和达标时间（ = 0.567）无统计学差异。D1 组 FFA 和总甘油三酯水平较高（<0.014 和 =0.002）。不同的饮食可能通过影响 GI、FFA 和血糖水平增加心血管疾病的风险。
