Bilateral pulmonary artery banding facilitates the systemic ventricular outflow tract growth for biventricular and univentricular repair candidates of complex arch anomaly.

Various surgical approaches address complex heart disease with arch anomalies. Bilateral pulmonary artery banding (bPAB) is a strategy for critically ill patients with complex arch anomalies. Some reports argued the potential effect of bPAB on the growth of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) during inter-stage after bPAB. This study aimed to analyze the LVOT growth for biventricular repair candidates with arch anomaly and systemic ventricular outflow tract (SVOT) for univentricular repair candidates with arch anomaly. This retrospective study analyzed 17 patients undergoing initial bPAB followed by arch repair. The Z-scores of LVOT and SVOT were compared between pre-bPAB and pre-arch repair. Patient characteristics, transthoracic echocardiogram data, and PAB circumferences were reviewed. The diameter of the minimum LVOT for biventricular repair (BVR) candidates, the pulmonary valve (neo-aortic valve, neo-AoV) and the pulmonary trunk (the neo-ascending aorta, neo-AAo) for univentricular repair (UVR) candidates, and the degree of aortic or neo-aortic insufficiency in each candidate was statistically analyzed. 17 patients were divided into the UVR candidates (group U) with 9 patients and the BVR candidates (group B) with 8 patients. In group B, the median value of the Z-score of the minimum LVOT increased from -3.2 (range: - 4.1 ~ - 1.0) at pre-PAB to -2.8 (range: - 3.6 ~ - 0.3) at pre-arch repair with a significant difference (p = 0.012). In group U, the median value of the Z-score of the neo-AoV increased from 0.5 (range: - 1.0 ~ 1.7) at pre-bPAB to 1.2 (range: 0.2 ~ 1.9) at pre-arch repair with a significant difference (p < 0.01). The median value of the Z-score of the neo-AAo was also increased from 3.1 (range: 1.5 ~ 4.6) to 4.3 (range: 3.1 ~ 5.9) with a significant difference (p = 0.028). The growth of the LVOT for BVR candidates and SVOT for UVR candidates during the inter-stage between bPAB and arch repair was observed. These results suggest the potential advantage of bPAB in surgical strategies. Further research is needed to validate these findings and refine surgical approaches.