State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China.
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2024 Jul;88:106851. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106851. Epub 2024 Apr 24.
Colostrum and milk offer a complete diet and vital immune protection for newborn mammals with developing immune systems. High immunoglobulin levels in colostrum serve as the primary antibody source for newborn piglets and calves. Subsequent milk feeding support continued local antibody protection against enteric pathogens, as well as maturation of the developing immune system and provide nutrients for newborn growth. Mammals have evolved hormonal strategies that modulate the levels of immunoglobulins in colostrum and milk to facilitate effective lactational immunity. In addition, hormones regulate the gut-mammary gland-secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) axis in pregnant mammals, controlling the levels of sIgA in milk, which serves as the primary source of IgA for piglets and helps them resist pathogens such as PEDV and TGEV. In the present study, we review the existing studies on the interactions between hormones and the gut-mammary-sIgA axis/lactogenic immunity in mammals and explore the potential mechanisms of hormonal regulation that have not been studied in detail, to draw attention to the role of hormones in influencing the immune response of pregnant and lactating mammals and their offspring, and highlight the effect of hormones in regulating sIgA-mediated anti-infection processes in colostrum and milk. Discussion of the relationship between hormones and lactogenic immunity may lead to a better way of improving lactogenic immunity by determining a better injection time and developing new vaccines.
初乳和乳汁为免疫系统正在发育的新生哺乳动物提供了完整的饮食和重要的免疫保护。初乳中的高免疫球蛋白水平是新生仔猪和犊牛的主要抗体来源。随后的牛奶喂养支持对肠道病原体的持续局部抗体保护，以及发育中免疫系统的成熟，并为新生儿的生长提供营养。哺乳动物已经进化出激素策略，调节初乳和乳汁中免疫球蛋白的水平，以促进有效的哺乳期免疫。此外，激素调节怀孕哺乳动物的肠道-乳腺-分泌型免疫球蛋白 A（sIgA）轴，控制乳汁中 sIgA 的水平，sIgA 是仔猪 IgA 的主要来源，有助于它们抵抗 PEDV 和 TGEV 等病原体。在本研究中，我们综述了激素与哺乳动物肠道-乳腺-sIgA 轴/泌乳免疫之间相互作用的现有研究，并探讨了尚未详细研究的激素调节的潜在机制，以引起人们对激素在影响怀孕和哺乳期哺乳动物及其后代免疫反应中的作用的关注，并强调激素在调节初乳和乳汁中 sIgA 介导的抗感染过程中的作用。讨论激素与泌乳免疫之间的关系可能会通过确定更好的注射时间和开发新疫苗来找到改善泌乳免疫的更好方法。
