Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Gorche Health District, Hawassa, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia.
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Competitional Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Malar J. 2024 May 12;23(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12936-024-04965-4.
Despite continuous prevention and control strategies in place, malaria remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Moreover, prevalence of malaria differs in different geographical settings and epidemiological data were inadequate to assure disease status in the study area. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated risk factors in selected rural kebeles in South Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February to June 2019 in eight malaria-endemic kebeles situated in four zones in South Ethiopia. Mult-stage sampling techniques were employed to select the study zones, districts, kebeles and households. Blood sample were collected from 1674 participants in 345 households by finger prick and smears were examined by microscopy. Sociodemographic data as well as risk factors for Plasmodium infection were collected using questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyse the data.
The overall prevalence of malaria in the study localities was 4.5% (76/1674). The prevalence was varied among the study localities with high prevalence in Bashilo (14.6%; 33/226) followed by Mehal Korga (12.1%; 26/214). Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant parasite accounted for 65.8% (50/76), while Plasmodium vivax accounted 18.4% (14/76). Co-infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax was 15.8% (12/76). Among the three age groups prevalence was 7.8% (27/346) in age less than 5 years and 7.5% (40/531) in 5-14 years. The age groups > 14years were less likely infected with Plasmodium parasite (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02-0.82) than under five children. Non-febrile individuals 1638 (97.8%) were more likely to had Plasmodium infection (AOR = 28.4, 95% CI 011.4-70.6) than febrile 36 (2.2%). Individuals living proximity to mosquito breeding sites have higher Plasmodium infection (AOR = 6.17, 95% CI 2.66-14.3) than those at distant of breeding sites.
Malaria remains a public health problem in the study localities. Thus, malaria prevention and control strategies targeting children, non-febrile cases and individuals living proximity to breeding sites are crucial to reduce malaria related morbidity and mortality.
尽管采取了持续的预防和控制策略，疟疾仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲包括埃塞俄比亚在内的一个主要公共卫生问题。此外，疟疾的流行情况在不同的地理环境中有所不同，而且流行病学数据不足以确定研究区域的疾病状况。本研究旨在确定南埃塞俄比亚选定农村地区的疟疾流行情况和相关危险因素。
2019 年 2 月至 6 月期间，在埃塞俄比亚南部四个区的 8 个疟疾流行的农村进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术选择研究区、区、村和家庭。从 345 户家庭的 1674 名参与者的指尖采集血样，并用显微镜检查涂片。使用问卷收集有关社会人口统计学数据和疟原虫感染危险因素的数据。采用二变量和多变量逻辑回归分析数据。
研究地点的疟疾总患病率为 4.5%（76/1674）。各研究地点的患病率存在差异，Bashilo 患病率最高（14.6%；33/226），其次是 Mehal Korga（12.1%；26/214）。恶性疟原虫是主要寄生虫，占 65.8%（50/76），而间日疟原虫占 18.4%（14/76）。恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的混合感染率为 15.8%（12/76）。在三个年龄组中，5 岁以下年龄组的患病率为 7.8%（27/346），5-14 岁年龄组的患病率为 7.5%（40/531）。年龄组 > 14 岁的人感染疟原虫的可能性较小（AOR=0.14，95%CI 0.02-0.82），而 5 岁以下儿童感染的可能性较小。1638 名无发热者（97.8%）感染疟原虫的可能性（AOR=28.4，95%CI 011.4-70.6）高于发热者 36 名（2.2%）。居住在蚊子滋生地附近的人感染疟原虫的可能性更高（AOR=6.17，95%CI 2.66-14.3），而居住在远离滋生地的人感染疟原虫的可能性较低。
疟疾仍然是研究地区的一个公共卫生问题。因此，针对儿童、无发热病例和居住在滋生地附近的人开展疟疾预防和控制策略，对于降低疟疾相关发病率和死亡率至关重要。
