Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany.
Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Glob Chang Biol. 2024 May;30(5):e17312. doi: 10.1111/gcb.17312.
Biological invasions pose a rapidly expanding threat to the persistence, functioning and service provisioning of ecosystems globally, and to socio-economic interests. The stages of successful invasions are driven by the same mechanism that underlies adaptive changes across species in general-via natural selection on intraspecific variation in traits that influence survival and reproductive performance (i.e., fitness). Surprisingly, however, the rapid progress in the field of invasion science has resulted in a predominance of species-level approaches (such as deny lists), often irrespective of natural selection theory, local adaptation and other population-level processes that govern successful invasions. To address these issues, we analyse non-native species dynamics at the population level by employing a database of European freshwater macroinvertebrate time series, to investigate spreading speed, abundance dynamics and impact assessments among populations. Our findings reveal substantial variability in spreading speed and abundance trends within and between macroinvertebrate species across biogeographic regions, indicating that levels of invasiveness and impact differ markedly. Discrepancies and inconsistencies among species-level risk screenings and real population-level data were also identified, highlighting the inherent challenges in accurately assessing population-level effects through species-level assessments. In recognition of the importance of population-level assessments, we urge a shift in invasive species management frameworks, which should account for the dynamics of different populations and their environmental context. Adopting an adaptive, region-specific and population-focused approach is imperative, considering the diverse ecological contexts and varying degrees of susceptibility. Such an approach could improve and refine risk assessments while promoting mechanistic understandings of risks and impacts, thereby enabling the development of more effective conservation and management strategies.
生物入侵对全球生态系统的持续存在、功能和服务提供，以及社会经济利益构成了迅速扩大的威胁。成功入侵的阶段是由相同的机制驱动的，这种机制是物种间适应性变化的基础——通过对影响生存和繁殖表现（即适应性）的特征的种内变异进行自然选择。然而，令人惊讶的是，入侵科学领域的快速进展导致了以物种为基础的方法（如否认清单）占据主导地位，而这些方法往往不顾自然选择理论、本地适应和其他控制成功入侵的种群水平过程。为了解决这些问题，我们通过使用欧洲淡水大型无脊椎动物时间序列数据库，在种群水平上分析非本地物种的动态，以研究种群之间的扩散速度、丰度动态和影响评估。我们的研究结果表明，在生物地理区域内和之间的大型无脊椎物种内，扩散速度和丰度趋势存在显著的可变性，表明入侵程度和影响明显不同。在物种水平的风险筛选和实际种群水平数据之间也发现了差异和不一致，突出了通过物种水平评估准确评估种群水平影响的固有挑战。认识到种群水平评估的重要性，我们敦促改变入侵物种管理框架，该框架应考虑不同种群及其环境背景的动态。采用适应性、特定区域和以种群为中心的方法是必要的，因为考虑到不同的生态背景和不同的易感性程度。这种方法可以改进和完善风险评估，同时促进对风险和影响的机制理解，从而能够制定更有效的保护和管理策略。
