Vargová Daniela, Dargaj Ján, Dohál Matúš, Fraňová Soňa, Ľupták Ján, Škorňová Ingrid, Švihra Ján, Briš Lukáš, Slávik Pavol, Šutovská Martina
Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Martin, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
Oncol Lett. 2024 Apr 25;27(6):281. doi: 10.3892/ol.2024.14414. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the third most common type of urological malignancy worldwide, and it is associated with a silent progression and late manifestation. Patients with a metastatic form of ccRCC have a poor prognosis; however, when the disease is diagnosed early, it is largely curable. Currently, there are no biomarkers available in clinical practice for ccRCC. Thus, the aim of the present study was to measure 27 biologically relevant cytokines in preoperative and postoperative urine samples, and in preoperative plasma samples from 34 patients with ccRCC, and to evaluate their diagnostic significance. The concentrations of cytokines were assessed by multiplex immune assay. The results showed significantly higher levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-15, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2, CCL3, CCL4, C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)10, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and lower levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in urine samples from patients prior to surgery compared with those in the controls. Notably, the urine levels of G-CSF, IL-5 and vascular endothelial growth factor differed following tumor removal compared with the preoperative urine levels. In addition, urinary G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL5 and PDGF-BB appeared to be potential markers of tumor grade. Plasma from patients with ccRCC contained significantly higher levels of IL-6 and lower levels of CCL2 than control plasma. In conclusion, the present findings indicated that urinary and circulating cytokines may represent a promising novel tool for the early diagnosis of ccRCC and/or prediction of tumor grade.
透明细胞肾细胞癌（ccRCC）是全球第三常见的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤，其具有隐匿进展和晚期表现的特点。ccRCC转移型患者预后较差；然而，若疾病能早期诊断，则大多可治愈。目前，临床实践中尚无用于ccRCC的生物标志物。因此，本研究的目的是检测34例ccRCC患者术前和术后尿液样本以及术前血浆样本中27种具有生物学相关性的细胞因子，并评估其诊断意义。通过多重免疫测定法评估细胞因子的浓度。结果显示，与对照组相比，术前患者尿液样本中白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-15、趋化因子（C-C基序）配体（CCL）2、CCL3、CCL4、C-X-C基序配体（CXCL）10、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）和血小板衍生生长因子-BB（PDGF-BB）水平显著升高，而粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）水平较低。值得注意的是，与术前尿液水平相比，肿瘤切除后G-CSF、白细胞介素-5和血管内皮生长因子的尿液水平有所不同。此外，尿液中的G-CSF、GM-CSF、白细胞介素-6、CXCL10、CCL5和PDGF-BB似乎是肿瘤分级的潜在标志物。ccRCC患者血浆中白细胞介素-6水平显著高于对照组，而CCL2水平低于对照组。总之，本研究结果表明，尿液和循环中的细胞因子可能是ccRCC早期诊断和/或肿瘤分级预测的一种有前景的新工具。
