Rodriguez Nestor, Urrutia-Rojas Ximena, Gonzalez Luis Raul
Department of Sociology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, San Antonio Regional Campus, San Antonio, TX, USA.
J Ethn Migr Stud. 2019;45(2):218-234. doi: 10.1080/1369183x.2017.1404257. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
The migration of minors unaccompanied by adults from the northern countries of Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) to the United States has risen sharply in recent years, surpassing the numbers that migrated during the political conflicts in the region in the 1980s and early 1990s. While the migration of minors from the northern region of Central America may appear as a homogeneous flow, significant sociodemographic and regional differentials exist in their migration. A conceptual model of institutional conditions is presented to conceptualise how changing institutional conditions in communities of origin can produce 'push' effects for the unaccompanied migration of minors in the northern countries of Central America. The goal of the model is to conceptually advance the analysis of migration by the unaccompanied minors to the root level of structural change. US response to the migration of unaccompanied minors in the future is uncertain given that a new administration has taken charge of the Executive Branch, promising to further restrict unauthorised immigration at the southwest border.
近年来，来自中美洲北部国家（萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和洪都拉斯）的无人陪伴未成年人向美国的移民数量急剧上升，超过了20世纪80年代和90年代初该地区政治冲突期间的移民数量。虽然来自中美洲北部地区的未成年人移民看似是一种同质化的流动，但他们的移民在社会人口统计学和地区方面存在显著差异。本文提出了一个制度条件概念模型，以概念化原籍社区不断变化的制度条件如何对中美洲北部国家无人陪伴未成年人的移民产生“推力”效应。该模型的目标是在概念上将对无人陪伴未成年人移民的分析推进到结构变化的根源层面。鉴于新政府已掌管行政部门，并承诺进一步限制西南边境的非法移民，美国未来对无人陪伴未成年人移民的应对措施尚不确定。
