Brogden R N, Heel R C, Speight T M, Avery G S
Drugs. 1979 Sep;18(3):169-84. doi: 10.2165/00003495-197918030-00001.
Amoxycillin, an acid stable semisynthetic penicillin shown to be effective against a wide range of infections when given orally, is now available for intramuscular and intravenous injection. Amoxycillin has an antibacterial spectrum and level of activity essentially the same as for ampicillin. Amoxycillin has been shown to have more rapid and complete bactericidal action than ampicillin against E. coli in vitro and in animal models of infection, but the clinical importance of this difference has not yet been determined. Amoxycillin is present in therapeutic amounts in the cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients given the drug intravenously and parenteral amoxycillin has been successfully used in the treatment of meningitis, and in urinary tract infections, septicaemia, upper and lower respiratory tract infections and a variety of other infections caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria. However, the extent of experience is limited compared with ampicillin, and thus further studies are needed to more clearly delineate its relative therapeutic role. Parenteral amoxycillin is generally well tolerated. Pain at the site of intramuscular injection occurs in about one-third of patients, but can be minimised by the use of lignocaine or procaine hydrochloride.
阿莫西林是一种耐酸的半合成青霉素，口服时对多种感染有效，现在也可用于肌肉注射和静脉注射。阿莫西林的抗菌谱和活性水平与氨苄西林基本相同。在体外和感染动物模型中，阿莫西林对大肠杆菌的杀菌作用比氨苄西林更快、更彻底，但这种差异的临床重要性尚未确定。静脉注射该药的脑膜炎患者脑脊液中存在治疗量的阿莫西林，非肠道用阿莫西林已成功用于治疗脑膜炎、尿路感染、败血症、上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染以及由革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性需氧菌引起的多种其他感染。然而，与氨苄西林相比，经验范围有限，因此需要进一步研究以更清楚地描述其相对治疗作用。非肠道用阿莫西林一般耐受性良好。约三分之一的患者会出现肌肉注射部位疼痛，但使用利多卡因或盐酸普鲁卡因可将疼痛降至最低。
