Kehinde Oluyemi, Hughes David J, Amalu Emeka H
Department of Engineering, School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK.
Heliyon. 2024 Apr 25;10(9):e29771. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29771. eCollection 2024 May 15.
As health and safety issues emanating from human activities on terrestrial environment is becoming ever challenging, the production of Ordinary Portland Cement is identified as a key contributor. This technology threatens environmental quality by emitting significant quantity of carbon dioxide (CO) that threatens Net Zero delivery. Consequently, the development of cement alternatives with substantial CO reduction/sequestration during production has become imperative. Geopolymers obtained from industrial residues are poised as promising alternatives in managing environmental systems but selection of appropriate method of activation has limited their wider industrial applications. This article discusses four key activation methods and their combinations used in four main feedstocks to advise on their energy requirements, product compressive strength and environmental/industrial applications. Reviewing and characterising 302 published literatures with focus on most relevant and recent advances in the field, this review found that hybrid techniques combining mechanical activation method produces geopolymers with the highest compressive strength and thus the best method. Geopolymer made by mechano-chemical activation method of slag achieved the highest compressive strength while geopolymer produced by microwave assisted activation of clay and ultrasonic activation of fly ash cum slag are most economical in curing energy demand. Hybrid activation is the current development in the field and integration of this method with mechanical activation is poised as the future geopolymer activation technology as it demonstrates greatest efficiency potential.
由于人类在陆地环境中的活动所引发的健康与安全问题日益严峻，普通硅酸盐水泥的生产被认定为一个关键因素。该技术通过排放大量二氧化碳（CO）威胁环境质量，而这对实现净零排放构成威胁。因此，开发在生产过程中能大幅减少/封存二氧化碳的水泥替代品变得势在必行。由工业废渣制备的地质聚合物有望成为管理环境系统的理想替代品，但合适的活化方法的选择限制了它们在更广泛工业领域的应用。本文讨论了四种主要原料中使用的四种关键活化方法及其组合，以就其能源需求、产品抗压强度以及环境/工业应用提供建议。通过回顾和分析302篇已发表的文献，重点关注该领域最相关和最新的进展，本综述发现，结合机械活化法的混合技术能生产出抗压强度最高的地质聚合物，因此是最佳方法。通过机械化学活化法制备的矿渣地质聚合物抗压强度最高，而通过微波辅助活化黏土以及超声活化粉煤灰和矿渣制备的地质聚合物在养护能源需求方面最为经济。混合活化是该领域当前的发展方向，将这种方法与机械活化相结合有望成为未来的地质聚合物活化技术，因为它展现出了最大的效率潜力。
