埃塞俄比亚北谢瓦地区公立医院新生儿低出生体重的决定因素：病例对照研究（2023 年）。

Determinants of low birth weight among newborns delivered in public hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia: A case-control study (2023).

机构信息

Debre Berhan University Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus School of Public Health Department of Nutrition, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.

Debre Berhan University Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2024 May 13;19(5):e0303364. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303364. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0303364

PMID:38739596

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11090310/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Low birth weight (LBW), defined as a birth weight less than 2500 g, irrespective of gestational age, poses a significant health concern for newborns. Despite efforts, the incidence of LBW in sub-Saharan Africa has remained stagnant over the past decade, warranting attention from healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify factors associated with LBW among newborns delivered in public hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, from May 2 to June 10, 2023.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

An unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 2 to June 10, 2023, involving 318 participants (106 cases and 212 controls). Data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaires, medical record reviews, and direct anthropometric measurements. Bivariate analyses were conducted, and variables with a p-value ≤ 0.25 were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to determine significant determinants of LBW. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used.

RESULTS

A total of 309 newborns (103 cases and 206 controls) were included, yielding a response rate of 97.2%. Among the findings, females exhibited a higher risk of LBW (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.34, 7.32, p = 0.008), as did mothers aged 20 or younger (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.35, 8.66, p = 0.009). Lack of formal education was associated with increased risk (AOR: 6.82, 95% CI: 2.94, 15.3, p < 0.001), as were unplanned pregnancies (AOR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.38, 6.84, p = 0.006) and missed antenatal care visits (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.16, 6.49, p = 0.021). No significant associations were found with residency type or maternal age above 35.

CONCLUSION

Mothers aged ≤ 20 years, with inadequate minimum dietary diversity, lack of antenatal care attendance, and unplanned pregnancies, faced heightened risks of LBW. Addressing these factors is vital for reducing LBW occurrences and improving newborn health outcomes in Ethiopia.

摘要

背景

无论胎龄如何，出生体重低于 2500 克的低出生体重（LBW）对新生儿的健康构成重大威胁。尽管做出了努力，但过去十年，撒哈拉以南非洲的 LBW 发病率一直停滞不前，这引起了医疗保健提供者、政策制定者和研究人员的关注。

目的

本研究旨在确定 2023 年 5 月 2 日至 6 月 10 日在埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区北谢瓦地区公立医院分娩的新生儿中与 LBW 相关的因素。

方法和材料

这是一项 2023 年 5 月 2 日至 6 月 10 日进行的不匹配病例对照研究，共涉及 318 名参与者（106 例病例和 212 例对照）。使用经过预测试的访谈者管理的结构化问卷、病历审查和直接人体测量进行数据收集。进行了双变量分析，具有 p 值≤0.25 的变量被纳入多变量逻辑回归模型，以确定 LBW 的显著决定因素。使用 p<0.05 作为显著性水平。

结果

共有 309 名新生儿（103 例病例和 206 例对照）被纳入，应答率为 97.2%。研究结果表明，女性发生 LBW 的风险更高（调整后的优势比 [AOR]：3.13，95%CI：1.34，7.32，p=0.008），20 岁及以下的母亲也是如此（AOR：3.42，95%CI：1.35，8.66，p=0.009）。缺乏正规教育与风险增加相关（AOR：6.82，95%CI：2.94，15.3，p<0.001），无计划妊娠（AOR：3.08，95%CI：1.38，6.84，p=0.006）和错过产前检查（AOR：2.74，95%CI：1.16，6.49，p=0.021）也是如此。居住类型或母亲年龄超过 35 岁与 LBW 无显著相关性。