Salim Bashir, Mohamed Nouh S, Ibrahim Kamal, Alasmari Saeed, Chatanga Elisha, Ohari Yuma, Nonaka Nariaki, Alsaad Mohammad A, Almathen Faisal, Nakao Ryo
Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.
Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Center, Khartoum, Sudan.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 May 1;12:1577469. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1577469. eCollection 2025.
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of isolated from cattle, sheep, and goats in Sudan, aiming to provide new insights into genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and host adaptation.
Mitochondrial genomes were sequenced using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq technology, yielding sequences of 14,483 bp, slightly longer than the reference genome (14,478 bp). A sliding window analysis was conducted to assess nucleotide diversity, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using complete mitochondrial sequences, including and excluding non-coding regions.
Key genetic variations were observed, including a non-canonical start codon (GTG) in the ND5 gene and an alternative stop codon (TAA) in ND4. Length polymorphisms in ND4L and suggested potential mitochondrial efficiency adaptations. Non-coding regions showed minor length differences, with the long non-coding region extending by 20 bp and the short by 4 bp. Sliding window analysis identified ND4 and ND5 as the most variable genes, while , were the most conserved. Phylogenetic analysis showed distinct clustering of Sudanese isolates with strong bootstrap support. Excluding the D-loop preserved phylogenetic structure, while D-loop-specific analysis revealed high variability, particularly in the sheep isolate.
These findings highlight significant genetic variation and evolutionary divergence among isolates in Sudan. The observed diversity, particularly within non-coding and variable coding regions, underscores the influence of regional evolutionary pressures and host-associated adaptations. This work enhances understanding of 's genetic landscape and supports the development of more targeted molecular surveillance and control strategies for fascioliasis in endemic regions.
本研究对从苏丹的牛、绵羊和山羊中分离出的[具体寄生虫名称未给出]的完整线粒体基因组进行了全面分析，旨在为遗传多样性、进化动态和宿主适应性提供新的见解。
使用高通量Illumina MiSeq技术对线粒体基因组进行测序，得到14,483 bp的序列，略长于参考基因组（14,478 bp）。进行滑动窗口分析以评估核苷酸多样性，并使用完整的线粒体序列进行系统发育分析，包括包含和排除非编码区域的情况。
观察到关键的遗传变异，包括ND5基因中的非标准起始密码子（GTG）和ND4中的替代终止密码子（TAA）。ND4L和[具体基因未给出]中的长度多态性表明潜在的线粒体效率适应性。非编码区域显示出较小的长度差异，长非编码区域延长了20 bp，短非编码区域缩短了4 bp。滑动窗口分析确定ND4和ND5是最可变的基因，而[具体基因未给出]、[具体基因未给出]是最保守的。系统发育分析显示苏丹[具体寄生虫名称未给出]分离株有明显的聚类，具有很强的自展支持。排除D环保留了系统发育结构，而D环特异性分析显示出高变异性，特别是在绵羊分离株中。
这些发现突出了苏丹[具体寄生虫名称未给出]分离株之间显著的遗传变异和进化分歧。观察到的多样性，特别是在非编码和可变编码区域内，强调了区域进化压力和宿主相关适应性的影响。这项工作增进了对[具体寄生虫名称未给出]遗传景观的理解，并支持为流行地区的肝片吸虫病制定更有针对性的分子监测和控制策略。
