Javadian Salman, Saraji Mohammad, Shahvar Ali
Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
Mikrochim Acta. 2024 May 14;191(6):329. doi: 10.1007/s00604-024-06406-0.
A miniaturized analytical methodology was introduced based on the combination of a direct and online hollow fiber microextraction method with smartphone color detection. The method was used for the determination of formaldehyde (target analyte) in fabric and wastewater samples. In this regard, two reagents including ammonium acetate buffer and acetylacetone were added to the formaldehyde samples to create a colored compound. The colored compound was extracted from the sample by using the hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction method, the extracted phase was not taken out of the extraction box and was directly transferred into a specially designed detection cell, and a smartphone was applied for in-situ color sensing and data readout. This combination gathered the advantages of both state-of-the-art microextraction techniques and smartphone sensing. Formaldehyde, as a carcinogenic compound widely used in paint and clothing industries, was selected as a model test. Factors affecting extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized, including the type of organic solvents, reagent concentration, salt, pH, stirring speed, reaction temperature, and extraction time. The linear region of the method under optimal conditions was 40-1500 µg L for wastewater samples and 0.3-11.2 mg kg for fabrics. The limit of detection and limit of qualification were 13 and 40 µg L, respectively. The relative standard deviations for concentrations of 100 and 1000 µg L were 6% and 4%, respectively. To evaluate the application of the method for real samples, types of fabric and two samples of oil refinery wastewater were selected. The relative recovery in real samples was 84-98%. The results of the analytical parameters of the method show that the developed method can be used as an efficient method to determine formaldehyde in real samples.
基于直接在线中空纤维微萃取方法与智能手机颜色检测相结合，引入了一种小型化分析方法。该方法用于测定织物和废水样品中的甲醛（目标分析物）。在这方面，向甲醛样品中加入两种试剂，即醋酸铵缓冲液和乙酰丙酮，以形成有色化合物。使用中空纤维液相微萃取方法从样品中萃取有色化合物，萃取相不取出萃取盒，直接转移到专门设计的检测池中，并应用智能手机进行原位颜色传感和数据读出。这种结合汇集了最先进的微萃取技术和智能手机传感的优点。选择甲醛作为模型测试，甲醛是一种广泛应用于油漆和服装行业的致癌化合物。研究并优化了影响萃取效率的因素，包括有机溶剂类型、试剂浓度、盐、pH值、搅拌速度、反应温度和萃取时间。该方法在最佳条件下对废水样品的线性范围为40 - 1500 μg/L，对织物为0.3 - 11.2 mg/kg。检测限和定量限分别为13和40 μg/L。100和1000 μg/L浓度的相对标准偏差分别为6%和4%。为评估该方法在实际样品中的应用，选择了织物类型和炼油厂废水的两个样品。实际样品中的相对回收率为84 - 98%。该方法的分析参数结果表明，所开发的方法可作为测定实际样品中甲醛的有效方法。
