Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Equally contributed to this work.
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Equally contributed to this work.
Water Sci Technol. 2024 May;89(9):2290-2310. doi: 10.2166/wst.2024.117. Epub 2024 Apr 10.
In the face of growing global freshwater scarcity, the imperative to recycle and reuse water becomes increasingly apparent across industrial, agricultural, and domestic sectors. Eliminating a range of organic pollutants in wastewater, from pesticides to industrial byproducts, presents a formidable challenge. Among the potential solutions, membrane technologies emerge as promising contenders for treating diverse organic contaminants from industrial, agricultural, and household origins. This paper explores cutting-edge membrane-based approaches, including reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, gas separation membranes, and pervaporation. Each technology's efficacy in removing distinct organic pollutants while producing purified water is scrutinized. This review delves into membrane fouling, discussing its influencing factors and preventative strategies. It sheds light on the merits, limitations, and prospects of these various membrane techniques, contributing to the advancement of wastewater treatment. It advocates for future research in membrane technology with a focus on fouling control and the development of energy-efficient devices. Interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, engineers, policymakers, and industry players is vital for shaping water purification innovation. Ongoing research and collaboration position us to fulfill the promise of accessible, clean water for all.
面对日益严重的全球淡水资源短缺问题，工业、农业和家庭等各个领域都迫切需要对水进行回收和再利用。从农药到工业副产品，废水中有一系列的有机污染物需要去除，这是一个巨大的挑战。在众多潜在的解决方案中，膜技术作为处理来自工业、农业和家庭等不同来源的各种有机污染物的有前途的方法脱颖而出。本文探讨了先进的基于膜的方法，包括反渗透、纳滤、超滤、微滤、气体分离膜和渗透蒸发。本文详细研究了每种技术去除不同有机污染物并生产净化水的效果。本文深入探讨了膜污染问题，讨论了其影响因素和预防策略。本文介绍了各种膜技术的优点、局限性和前景，为废水处理的发展做出了贡献。本文主张未来的膜技术研究应侧重于控制污染和开发节能设备。研究人员、工程师、政策制定者和行业参与者之间的跨学科合作对于塑造水净化创新至关重要。持续的研究和合作使我们能够实现为所有人提供可及、清洁的水的承诺。
