Deshmukh Rohitas, Harwansh Ranjit Kumar, Garg Akash, Mishra Sakshi, Agrawal Rutvi, Jangde Rajendra
Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH-2, Mathura, Delhi Road, Chhatikara, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Curr Genomics. 2024 Apr 8;25(2):69-87. doi: 10.2174/0113892029291098240129113500.
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious and transmissible viral infection that first emerged in 2019 and since then has sparked an epidemic of severe respiratory problems identified as "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) that causes a hazard to human life and safety. The virus developed mainly from bats. The current epidemic has presented a significant warning to life across the world by showing mutation. There are different tests available for testing Coronavirus, and RT-PCR is the best, giving more accurate results, but it is also time-consuming. There are different options available for treating n-CoV-19, which include medications such as Remdesivir, corticosteroids, plasma therapy, Dexamethasone therapy, . The development of vaccines such as BNT126b2, ChAdOX1, mRNA-1273 and BBIBP-CorV has provided great relief in dealing with the virus as they decreased the mortality rate. BNT126b2 and ChAdOX1 are two n-CoV vaccines found to be most effective in controlling the spread of infection. In the future, nanotechnology-based vaccines and immune engineering techniques can be helpful for further research on Coronavirus and treatment of this deadly virus. The existing knowledge about the existence of SARS-CoV-2, along with its variants, is summarized in this review. This review, based on recently published findings, presents the core genetics of COVID-19, including heritable characteristics, pathogenesis, immunological biomarkers, treatment options and clinical updates on the virus, along with patents.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是一种具有高度传染性和传播性的病毒感染，于2019年首次出现，自那时起引发了一场被确定为“2019冠状病毒病”（COVID-19）的严重呼吸道问题疫情，对人类生命和安全构成威胁。该病毒主要由蝙蝠进化而来。当前的疫情通过显示出变异，给全世界的生命敲响了重大警钟。有多种检测冠状病毒的方法，逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）是最好的，能给出更准确的结果，但也很耗时。治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（n-CoV-19）有不同的选择，包括使用瑞德西韦、皮质类固醇、血浆疗法、地塞米松疗法等药物。BNT126b2、ChAdOX1、mRNA-1273和BBIBP-CorV等疫苗的研发在应对该病毒方面提供了极大的缓解，因为它们降低了死亡率。BNT126b2和ChAdOX1是两种被发现对控制感染传播最有效的新型冠状病毒疫苗。未来，基于纳米技术的疫苗和免疫工程技术可能有助于对冠状病毒的进一步研究和治疗这种致命病毒。本综述总结了关于SARS-CoV-2及其变体存在的现有知识。本综述基于最近发表的研究结果，介绍了COVID-19的核心遗传学，包括遗传特征、发病机制、免疫生物标志物、治疗选择以及该病毒的临床进展，还有相关专利。
