Sivak J G, Levy B, Weber A P, Glover R F
Exp Biol. 1985;44(1):29-40.
Amphibians are faced with the problem of adapting to aerial vision when undergoing metamorphosis. The rate and extent of ocular change has been examined in five species with widely varying life histories. Ocular effects and in particular lens shape changes were determined from measurements of gross anatomy at various metamorphic stages using a freeze-sectioning technique. In addition, refractive states were measured retinoscopically in air and water where possible. All larval animals have the ocular structure and optics typical of teleost fish. Adults show varying levels of adaptation to aerial vision, depending on the degree of departure from an aquatic style of behavior. In certain cases the spherical aquatic shape of the lens is maintained while in others, lens shape is altered markedly to a flattened elliptical form. Histological study indicates that change in lens shape is brought about by a rapid increase of mitotic activity of equatorial epithelial cells at critical periods during metamorphosis.
两栖动物在变态过程中面临着适应空中视觉的问题。研究人员在具有广泛不同生活史的五个物种中检查了眼睛变化的速率和程度。使用冷冻切片技术，通过测量不同变态阶段的大体解剖结构来确定眼部效应，特别是晶状体形状的变化。此外，尽可能在空气中和水中通过视网膜检影法测量屈光状态。所有幼体动物都具有硬骨鱼典型的眼部结构和光学系统。成体根据偏离水生行为方式的程度，对空中视觉表现出不同程度的适应。在某些情况下，晶状体保持球形的水生形状，而在其他情况下，晶状体形状会明显改变为扁平的椭圆形。组织学研究表明，晶状体形状的变化是由变态关键时期赤道上皮细胞有丝分裂活性的快速增加引起的。
