Lin Shelley, Lu Peiran
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
Class of 2024, Stillwater High School, Stillwater, OK, USA.
Nutr Metab Insights. 2024 May 15;17:11786388241231163. doi: 10.1177/11786388241231163. eCollection 2024.
Colon cancer is affluent among many people, and having cancer greatly impacts the lives of many. Ginger is a common food, particularly in Asian cuisine. However, the health benefits of ginger as a whole food and 6-gingerol, its bioactive compound in prevention of colon cancer have not been fully addressed. This experiment investigated effects of ginger juice and 6-gingerol on colon cancer cell growth and death.
Fresh ginger roots were homogenized for juice preparation. Total phenolic contents of ginger juice were measured using Folin-C assay. Colon cancer SW480 cells and normal colon epithelial cells CCD-18Co were treated with ginger juice and/or 6-gingerol. Cell metabolic activity was assessed by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were accessed by immunoblotting. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test and statistical significance was set at < .05.
The results showed that ginger juice selectively inhibited SW480 cell growth at 25 µL/mL for 40 hours. High doses of ginger juice (at 50 and 100 µL/mL for 40 hours) inhibited the growth of both cell types. This was independent of caspase-3 activation. Six-gingerol specifically inhibited SW480 cell growth starting at 0.5 µmoL/L ( < .01). More than 1 µmoL/L 6-gingerol did not give more power to inhibit SW480 cell growth. The results also showed that CCD-18Co cell growth rates were not changed after 6-gingerol treatments (up to 10 µmoL/L, > .1). Immunoblotting results revealed that the elevation of Myt1 levels and decreases in CDK1, p21 Wafl/Cip1 and pSer642-Wee1 only occurred in SW480 but not CCD-18Co cells when treated with 1 and/or 2.5 µmoL/L 6-gingerol for 40 hours.
6-gingerol can specifically inhibit SW480 cancer cells without killing normal CCd-18Co cells, through cell cycle arrest. Ginger juice can selectively inhibit colon cancer cell growth in a narrow window at ~25 µL/mL.
结肠癌在许多人中很常见，患癌对许多人的生活有很大影响。生姜是一种常见的食物，尤其是在亚洲菜肴中。然而，生姜作为一种全食物及其生物活性化合物6-姜酚在预防结肠癌方面的健康益处尚未得到充分研究。本实验研究了生姜汁和6-姜酚对结肠癌细胞生长和死亡的影响。
将新鲜姜根匀浆以制备姜汁。使用Folin-C法测定姜汁中的总酚含量。用姜汁和/或6-姜酚处理结肠癌细胞SW480和正常结肠上皮细胞CCD-18Co。通过MTT法评估细胞代谢活性。通过免疫印迹检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞。数据采用双向方差分析和Tukey事后检验进行分析，统计学显著性设定为<0.05。
结果表明，姜汁在25μL/mL处理40小时时选择性抑制SW480细胞生长。高剂量的姜汁（50和100μL/mL处理40小时）抑制两种细胞类型的生长。这与半胱天冬酶-3的激活无关。6-姜酚从0.5μmol/L开始特异性抑制SW480细胞生长（<0.01）。超过1μmol/L的6-姜酚对抑制SW480细胞生长没有更强的作用。结果还表明，6-姜酚处理后（高达10μmol/L，>0.1），CCD-18Co细胞的生长速率没有变化。免疫印迹结果显示，当用1和/或2.5μmol/L的6-姜酚处理40小时时，Myt1水平升高以及CDK1、p21 Wafl/Cip1和pSer642-Wee1水平降低仅发生在SW480细胞中，而未发生在CCD-18Co细胞中。
6-姜酚可通过细胞周期阻滞特异性抑制SW480癌细胞，而不杀死正常的CCD-18Co细胞。姜汁在约25μL/mL的狭窄范围内可选择性抑制结肠癌细胞生长。
