Department of Psychology and Childcare, College of Human Services, Hanshin University, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2024 Aug 15;359:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.052. Epub 2024 May 17.
Temperament and character are useful in risk assessment and therapy of individuals in the anxiety-depression spectrum but understudied in South Korea.
The study aimed to identify the temperament and character features associated with anxiety and/or depression in individuals with clinical disorders and in the general population.
A representative sample of 1384 Korean adults over 18 years old (58 % female) were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Multivariate analyses, including structural equation modeling and complex systems analysis, evaluated how personality influenced risk and resilience for anxiety and/or depression.
The three groups with anxiety and/or depression were strongly distinguished by temperament and character: (i) In AD (n = 58), Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence were higher than in DD, and Self-directedness was higher than in AD+DD; (ii) In DD (n = 90), Persistence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness were higher than in AD+DD; and (iii) In AD+DD (n = 101), Harm Avoidance was highest and Persistence and Self-directedness were lowest (i.e., they were lowest in Resilience). Structural equation models confirmed these risk relations with strong character development reducing the adverse effects of emotional hyperreactivity from extreme temperaments.
Self-reports were measured only at one point in time, requiring collateral experimental data to support causal interpretation.
Interactions of temperament and character are strongly predictive of risk and resilience to anxiety and/or depression by regulating both positive and negative affect. Character mediates the adverse effects of extreme temperaments on affect.
气质和性格在评估焦虑-抑郁谱系个体的风险和治疗中很有用，但在韩国研究较少。
本研究旨在确定与临床障碍和一般人群中焦虑和/或抑郁相关的气质和性格特征。
对 1384 名 18 岁以上的韩国成年人（58%为女性）进行贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）和气质性格量表（TCI）评估。使用结构方程模型和复杂系统分析等多变量分析评估人格如何影响焦虑和/或抑郁的风险和恢复力。
具有焦虑和/或抑郁的三组人群在气质和性格上有明显差异：（i）在 AD 组（n=58）中，回避和奖赏依赖高于 DD 组，自我导向高于 AD+DD 组；（ii）在 DD 组（n=90）中，坚持性、自我导向性和合作性高于 AD+DD 组；（iii）在 AD+DD 组（n=101）中，回避性最高，坚持性和自我导向性最低（即，在韧性方面最低）。结构方程模型证实了这些风险关系，即强烈的性格发展减少了极端气质的情绪过度反应的不良影响。
自我报告仅在一个时间点进行测量，需要旁证实验数据来支持因果解释。
气质和性格的相互作用通过调节积极和消极情绪强烈预测焦虑和/或抑郁的风险和恢复力。性格中介了极端气质对情绪的不良影响。
