CSK HPKV, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
CSK HPKV, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Palampur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Acta Trop. 2024 Aug;256:107258. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107258. Epub 2024 May 16.
Aeromonas spp. are normal inhabitants of aquatic environments and are emerging foodborne bacterial pathogens. Aeromonas spp. contamination is frequent in ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood and can also occur in products prepared from milk or meat. The study determined the enterotoxin and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Aeromonas spp. isolates recovered from RTE milk products (n = 105), RTE meat/fish products (n = 40) and drinking water (n = 60) samples collected from tourist places in Himachal Pradesh, India, in northwestern Himalayas. 7.3 % (16/220) samples were found contaminated with Aeromonas spp. These isolates were identified as A. hydrophila (31.3 %), A. schubertii (25.0 %), A. sobria (25.0 %) and A. veronii (18.8 %). Aeromonas spp. contamination was significantly higher (14.3 %, 15/105, p = 0.0001) in RTE milk products. The contamination levels for water samples were 1.7 % whereas none of the tested RTE meat or fish products yielded Aeromonas spp. Among RTE milk products, contamination was significantly higher in paneer (South Asian soft cheese) (26.1 %, p = 0.0027) and cream (25.0 %, p = 0.046) based RTE foods. All isolates carried alt (361 bp), encoding a cytotonic heat-labile enterotoxin. Ampicillin resistance was 100 % and high levels (>30 %) of resistance were recorded for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amikacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Six (37.5 %) isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR), showing resistance to aminoglycosides, cephams and penicillins. Isolation of alt carrying MDR isolates from RTE foods indicates that Aeromonas spp. can be potential foodborne public health threat in northwestern Himalayas.
气单胞菌属是水生环境中的正常居民，也是新兴的食源性细菌病原体。气单胞菌属污染在即食（RTE）海鲜中很常见，也可能发生在由牛奶或肉类制成的产品中。本研究确定了从印度喜马拉雅山西北部旅游胜地采集的 RTE 奶制品（n = 105）、RTE 肉类/鱼类产品（n = 40）和饮用水（n = 60）样本中回收的气单胞菌属分离株的肠毒素和抗菌药物敏感性谱。7.3%（16/220）的样本被发现受到气单胞菌属污染。这些分离株被鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌（31.3%）、舒氏气单胞菌（25.0%）、温和气单胞菌（25.0%）和维罗纳气单胞菌（18.8%）。气单胞菌属污染在 RTE 奶制品中明显更高（14.3%，15/105，p = 0.0001）。水样的污染水平为 1.7%，而测试的 RTE 肉类或鱼类产品均未产生气单胞菌属。在 RTE 奶制品中，南印度软奶酪（paneer）（26.1%，p = 0.0027）和奶油（25.0%，p = 0.046）基 RTE 食品的污染明显更高。所有分离株均携带 alt（361 bp），编码细胞毒性不耐热肠毒素。氨苄西林耐药率为 100%，对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、阿米卡星、头孢噻肟和头孢他啶的高度耐药率（>30%）。有 6 株（37.5%）分离株为多药耐药（MDR），对氨基糖苷类、头孢菌素类和青霉素类均耐药。从 RTE 食品中分离出携带 alt 的 MDR 分离株表明，气单胞菌属可能是喜马拉雅山西北部地区潜在的食源性公共卫生威胁。
