Rana Neha, Panda Ashok Kumar, Pathak Nina, Gupta Tania, Thakur Sidharath Dev
1Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Dr. GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India.
2Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India.
J Food Sci Technol. 2020 Jun;57(6):2293-2302. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04267-y. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
The study determined incidence, enterotoxigenecity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) milk products (n = 80), RTE meat products (n = 40), beverages (n = 40) and water samples (n = 60, from food preparing and serving outlets/restaurants) collected from eight different tourist places of Himachal Pradesh. 11.4% (25/220) samples were contaminated with and isolates were identified as (76.0%, n = 19), (12.0%, n = 3) (8.0%, n = 2) and (4.0%, n = 1) by conventional and molecular methods. incidence was highest in cheese based foods (25.0%) followed by vegetable soups (16.7%), khoa based foods (14.0%), milk based beverages (10.5%), paneer based foods (8.6%), cream based foods (8.3%) and water (8.3%) samples. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction detected enterotoxigenic genes only in isolates. complex (encoding non-haemolytic enterotoxins, ABC) genes were detected only in isolates. 57.6% (11/19), 36.8% (7/19) and 5.3% (1/19) harboured all three (, ), two () and one () gene, respectively. Among complex genes (encoding haemolytic enterotoxins CAD), only (36.8%, 7/19) was detected. Incidence (encoding cytotoxin enterotoxin) was 52.6% (10/19). Each isolate harboured two or more enterotoxigenic genes. Seven isolates had at least one gene from haemolytic and non-haemolytic complexes along with . High levels (> 50%) of antimicrobial resistance were recorded for penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin cefixime and ceftazidine in tested isolates. Two isolates were identified as multidrug resistant isolates with resistance to ≥ 3 antibiotic classes.
该研究确定了从喜马偕尔邦八个不同旅游地点采集的即食（RTE）奶制品（n = 80）、即食肉类产品（n = 40）、饮料（n = 40）和水样（n = 60，来自食品制备和供应场所/餐馆）中分离出的[细菌名称未给出]的发生率、产肠毒素能力和抗菌药敏谱。11.4%（25/220）的样本被[细菌名称未给出]污染，通过传统方法和分子方法将分离株鉴定为[具体细菌名称未给出]（76.0%，n = 19）、[具体细菌名称未给出]（12.0%，n = 3）、[具体细菌名称未给出]（8.0%，n = 2）和[具体细菌名称未给出]（4.0%，n = 1）。[细菌名称未给出]的发生率在奶酪类食品中最高（25.0%），其次是蔬菜汤（16.7%）、 khoa类食品（14.0%）、奶类饮料（10.5%）、印度奶酪类食品（8.6%）、奶油类食品（8.3%）和水（8.3%）样本。多重聚合酶链反应仅在[细菌名称未给出]分离株中检测到产肠毒素基因。[具体毒素名称未给出]复合体（编码非溶血性肠毒素，ABC）基因仅在[细菌名称未给出]分离株中检测到。57.6%（11/19）、36.8%（7/19）和5.3%（1/19）的分离株分别携带所有三种（[具体毒素名称未给出]、[具体毒素名称未给出]）、两种（[具体毒素名称未给出]）和一种（[具体毒素名称未给出]）基因。在[具体毒素名称未给出]复合体基因（编码溶血性肠毒素CAD）中，仅检测到[具体毒素名称未给出]（36.8%，7/19）。[具体毒素名称未给出]（编码细胞毒素肠毒素）的发生率为52.6%（10/19）。每个[细菌名称未给出]分离株都携带两种或更多产肠毒素基因。七个分离株至少有一个来自溶血性和非溶血性复合体的基因以及[具体毒素名称未给出]。在所测试的[细菌名称未给出]分离株中，青霉素、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢克肟和头孢他啶的抗菌耐药率较高（> 50%）。两个分离株被鉴定为对≥ 3类抗生素耐药的多重耐药分离株。
