Lakhanpal Priyanka, Panda Ashok Kumar, Chahota Rajesh, Choudhary Shivani, Thakur Sidharath Dev
1Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Dr. GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India.
2Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India.
J Food Sci Technol. 2019 Feb;56(2):1078-1083. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-03556-x. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
This study was aimed to determine the incidence of in ready-to-eat (RTE) milk (n = 120) and meat (n = 120) products from various tourist places in north western Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh, India. isolates and its enterotoxins; A, B, D and E were characterized by conventional and molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) profiles of isolates were determined by disk diffusion method using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Overall, 6.7% (n = 16/240) food samples were positive for . PCR amplification of confirmed all biochemically characterized isolates as . Incidence of was higher (10.0%) in RTE milk products than meat products (3.3%). contamination levels were highest in milk cake/khoa (26.0%, = 0.0002) followed by ice cream/kulfi (10.0%, = 0.4), mutton momo (10.0%, = 0.4), burfi (3.3%, = 0.7) and chicken momo (3.3%, = 0.7). None of the isolates carried genes for enterotoxins; A, B, D and E. AMS testing revealed seven different resistance patterns and 81.3% multi drug resistance. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. High resistance levels were observed against methicillin (93.7%), clindamycin (68.8%), erythromycin (56.3%) and vancomycin (43.8%). Vancomycin resistant (n = 7) isolates were also resistant to methicillin. All isolates were susceptible to novobiocin.
本研究旨在确定印度喜马偕尔邦喜马拉雅山脉西北部各旅游地即食（RTE）牛奶（n = 120）和肉类（n = 120）产品中[具体细菌名称未给出]的发生率。[具体细菌名称未给出]分离株及其肠毒素A、B、D和E通过传统方法和分子方法进行鉴定。使用临床和实验室标准协会标准，通过纸片扩散法测定[具体细菌名称未给出]分离株的抗菌药敏（AMS）谱。总体而言，6.7%（n = 16/240）的食品样本[具体细菌名称未给出]呈阳性。[具体细菌名称未给出]的PCR扩增证实所有经生化鉴定的分离株均为[具体细菌名称未给出]。即食牛奶产品中[具体细菌名称未给出]的发生率（10.0%）高于肉类产品（3.3%）。牛奶蛋糕/ khoa中[具体细菌名称未给出]的污染水平最高（26.0%，P = 0.0002），其次是冰淇淋/库尔菲（10.0%，P = 0.4）、羊肉馍馍（10.0%，P = 0.4）、布尔菲（3.3%，P = 0.7）和鸡肉馍馍（3.3%，P = 0.7）。没有分离株携带肠毒素A、B、D和E的基因。AMS检测显示出七种不同的耐药模式，81.3%为多重耐药。所有分离株均对氨苄西林耐药。观察到对甲氧西林（93.7%）、克林霉素（68.8%）、红霉素（56.3%）和万古霉素（43.8%）的高耐药水平。耐万古霉素（n = 7）分离株也对甲氧西林耐药。所有分离株对新生霉素敏感。
