Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Mikrochim Acta. 2024 May 17;191(6):335. doi: 10.1007/s00604-024-06376-3.
The release of tire wear substances in the environment is raising concerns about potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to develop a quick and inexpensive screening test for the following tire wear substances: 6-phenylphenyldiamine quinone (6-PPD quinone), hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM), 1-3-diphenylguanidine (1,3-DPG), and melamine. A dual strategy consisting of nanogold (nAu) signal intensity and the plasmonic ruler principle was used based on the spectral shift from the unaggregated free-form nAu from 525 nm to aggregated nAu at higher wavelengths. The shift in resonance corresponded to the relative sizes of the tire wear substances at the surface of nAu: 6-PPD (560 nm), HMMM (590 nm), 1,3-DPG (620 nm), and melamine (660 nm) in a concentration-dependent manner. When present in mixtures, a large indiscriminate band between 550 and 660 nm with a maximum corresponding to the mean intermolecular distance of 0.43 nm from the tested individual substances suggests that all compounds indiscriminately interacted at the surface of nAu. An internal calibration methodology was developed for mixtures and biological extracts from mussels and biofilms and revealed a proportional increase in absorbance at the corresponding resonance line for each test compound. Application of this simple and quick methodology revealed the increased presence of melamine and HMMM compounds in mussels and biofilms collected at urban sites (downstream city, road runoffs), respectively. The data also showed that treated municipal effluent decreased somewhat melamine levels in mussels.
轮胎磨损物质在环境中的释放引起了人们对其对水生生态系统潜在影响的关注。本研究旨在开发一种快速且廉价的筛选测试方法，用于以下轮胎磨损物质：6-苯基苯二胺醌（6-PPD 醌）、六亚甲基四胺（HMMM）、1,3-二苯基胍（1,3-DPG）和三聚氰胺。该方法基于纳米金（nAu）信号强度和等离子体标尺原理的双重策略，由于未聚集的游离形式 nAu 的光谱从 525nm 移至较高波长处的聚集 nAu，从而产生了光谱位移。共振的位移与轮胎磨损物质在 nAu 表面的相对大小相对应：6-PPD（560nm）、HMMM（590nm）、1,3-DPG（620nm）和三聚氰胺（660nm），呈浓度依赖性。当存在于混合物中时，在 550nm 至 660nm 之间存在一个大的无差别带，其最大值对应于测试的单个物质的 0.43nm 的平均分子间距离，表明所有化合物在 nAu 表面无差别地相互作用。为混合物和贻贝及生物膜中的生物提取物开发了内部校准方法，并揭示了每个测试化合物在相应共振线上的吸光度呈比例增加。该简单快速方法的应用表明，在城市地点（下游城市、道路径流）采集的贻贝和生物膜中，三聚氰胺和 HMMM 化合物的存在增加。数据还表明，处理后的市政污水会降低贻贝中三聚氰胺的含量。
