Hochschule Fresenius gem. GmbH, Limburger Str.2, 65510 Idstein, Germany.
Hochschule Fresenius gem. GmbH, Limburger Str.2, 65510 Idstein, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan 1;802:149799. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149799. Epub 2021 Aug 21.
Tire wear particles are not only the type of polymer particles most prevalent in the environment but also act as source of various organic micropollutants, many of which are likely still unknown. We extracted particles prepared from nine tires in artificial freshwater (28 d) with the goal to characterize leachables (max intensity >10 in artificial freshwater), which are tire-borne water contaminants. A subsequent extraction of these particles with acetone (3 h) was used to assess the long-term leaching potential. A suspect and nontarget screening in aliquots of each extract led to the detection of 214 organic substances of which 145 were classified as leachables. The intrinsic polarity of some leachables (mean log D (pH 7.4) 3.9), which facilitates an increased aquatic mobility, highlights their potential as environmental water contaminants. With N,N'-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and benzothiazole, two of the ten unequivocally identified leachables, are classified as potential persistent, mobile and toxic substance by the German Environment Agency. Of the identified chemicals DPG showed the highest intensities in aqueous extracts and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD), the precursor of 6-PPD-quinone, in acetone extracts. A comparison between the 69 detected suspects and 174 high-intensity signals (>10) detected in the nontarget screening led to an overlap of only 29 features. A detailed investigation of the remaining high-intensity suspects revealed the presence of 13 proposed DPG reaction products, further highlighting the chemical complexity of tires. Consequently, we conclude that there are many, often still unrecognized chemicals entering the aquatic environment through leaching from tire wear particles.
轮胎磨损颗粒不仅是环境中最常见的聚合物颗粒类型，还是各种有机微污染物的来源，其中许多可能仍未被发现。我们从 9 种轮胎中提取了在人工淡水中（28 天）制备的颗粒，目的是对浸出物（在人工淡水中最大强度>10）进行特征分析，这些浸出物是轮胎携带的水污染物。随后，我们用丙酮（3 小时）对这些颗粒进行了后续提取，以评估其长期浸出潜力。对每个提取物的等分试样进行疑似物和非靶向筛选，共检测到 214 种有机物质，其中 145 种被归类为浸出物。一些浸出物的固有极性（平均 log D（pH7.4）3.9）增加了它们在水中的迁移能力，突出了它们作为环境水污染物的潜在风险。N,N'-二苯基胍（DPG）和苯并噻唑是 10 种明确鉴定出的浸出物中的两种，被德国环境署列为潜在的持久性、迁移性和毒性物质。在所鉴定的化学物质中，DPG 在水提取物中的强度最高，而 N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N'-苯基-p-苯二胺（6-PPD），即 6-PPD-醌的前体，在丙酮提取物中的强度最高。对 69 种检测到的疑似物和 174 种非靶向筛选中检测到的高强度信号（>10）进行比较，只有 29 种特征重叠。对其余高强度疑似物的详细调查揭示了 13 种提议的 DPG 反应产物的存在，进一步突出了轮胎的化学复杂性。因此，我们得出结论，有许多化学物质通过轮胎磨损颗粒的浸出进入水生环境，而且其中许多往往仍未被识别。
