Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Australia.
Sleep Med Rev. 2024 Jun;75:101930. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101930. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
There is no consensus on the definition of sleep hygiene and its components. We examined the definition of sleep hygiene based on its use in published studies. Four databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL) were searched from inception until December 31, 2021 for the phrase 'sleep hygiene' in the title or abstract. We identified 548 relevant studies in adults: 250 observational and 298 intervention studies. A definition of sleep hygiene was provided in only 44% of studies and converged on three themes: behavioural factors, environmental factors, and an aspect of control. Sleep hygiene components were explicitly defined in up to 70% of observational studies, but in only 35% of intervention studies. The most commonly considered components of sleep hygiene were caffeine (in 51% of studies), alcohol (46%), exercise (46%), sleep timing (45%), light (42%), napping (39%), smoking (38%), noise (37%), temperature (34%), wind-down routine (33%), stress (32%), and stimulus control (32%), although the specific details of each component varied. Lack of consistency in definitions of sleep hygiene and its components may hinder communication between researchers, clinicians, and the public, and likely limits the utility of sleep hygiene as an intervention.
目前对于睡眠卫生及其组成部分尚没有统一定义。我们基于发表研究中的用法来考察睡眠卫生的定义。从建库到 2021 年 12 月 31 日，我们在四个数据库（Medline、EMBASE、PsycINFO 和 CINAHL）中检索了标题或摘要中包含“睡眠卫生”一词的研究。我们在成人中确定了 548 项相关研究：250 项观察性研究和 298 项干预性研究。只有 44%的研究提供了睡眠卫生的定义，其集中于三个主题：行为因素、环境因素和控制方面。睡眠卫生组成部分在多达 70%的观察性研究中得到明确界定，但在仅 35%的干预性研究中得到界定。最常被认为是睡眠卫生组成部分的是咖啡因（在 51%的研究中）、酒精（46%）、运动（46%）、睡眠时相（45%）、光照（42%）、午睡（39%）、吸烟（38%）、噪声（37%）、温度（34%）、放松程序（33%）、压力（32%）和刺激控制（32%），尽管每个组成部分的具体细节有所不同。睡眠卫生及其组成部分的定义缺乏一致性，可能会阻碍研究人员、临床医生和公众之间的沟通，并且可能限制睡眠卫生作为干预措施的实用性。
