Irish Leah A, Kline Christopher E, Gunn Heather E, Buysse Daniel J, Hall Martica H
North Dakota State University, Department of Psychology, Fargo, ND, USA.
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Aug;22:23-36. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
The ineffectiveness of sleep hygiene as a treatment in clinical sleep medicine has raised some interesting questions. If it is known that, individually, each specific component of sleep hygiene is related to sleep, why wouldn't addressing multiple individual components (i.e., sleep hygiene education) improve sleep? Is there still a use for sleep hygiene? Global public health concern over sleep has increased demand for sleep promotion strategies accessible to the population. However, the extent to which sleep hygiene strategies apply outside clinical settings is not well known. The present review sought to evaluate the empirical evidence for sleep hygiene recommendations regarding exercise, stress management, noise, sleep timing, and avoidance of caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, and daytime napping, with a particular emphasis on their public health utility. Thus, our review is not intended to be exhaustive regarding the clinical application of these techniques, but rather to focus on broader applications. Overall, though epidemiologic and experimental research generally supported an association between individual sleep hygiene recommendations and nocturnal sleep, the direct effects of individual recommendations on sleep remains largely untested in the general population. Suggestions for clarification of sleep hygiene recommendations and considerations for the use of sleep hygiene in nonclinical populations are discussed.
睡眠卫生作为临床睡眠医学的一种治疗方法效果不佳，引发了一些有趣的问题。如果已知睡眠卫生的每个具体组成部分单独来看都与睡眠有关，那么为何解决多个单独的组成部分（即睡眠卫生教育）却不能改善睡眠呢？睡眠卫生还有用吗？全球公众对睡眠的关注增加了对大众可采用的促进睡眠策略的需求。然而，睡眠卫生策略在临床环境之外的适用程度尚不清楚。本综述旨在评估关于运动、压力管理、噪音、睡眠时间以及避免咖啡因、尼古丁、酒精和日间小睡的睡眠卫生建议的实证证据，特别强调其公共卫生效用。因此，我们的综述并非旨在详尽阐述这些技术的临床应用，而是侧重于更广泛的应用。总体而言，尽管流行病学和实验研究普遍支持个体睡眠卫生建议与夜间睡眠之间的关联，但个体建议对睡眠的直接影响在普通人群中仍基本未得到检验。本文讨论了关于明确睡眠卫生建议的建议以及在非临床人群中使用睡眠卫生的注意事项。
