Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres 51110 Pomacle, France; Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO), 45604 Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, Mexico.
Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres 51110 Pomacle, France.
Biotechnol Adv. 2024 Jul-Aug;73:108375. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108375. Epub 2024 May 16.
Increased consumer awareness for healthier and more sustainable products has driven the search for naturally sourced compounds as substitutes for chemically synthesized counterparts. Research on pigments of natural origin, such as carotenoids, particularly lutein, has been increasing for over three decades. Lutein is recognized for its antioxidant and photoprotective activity. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier allows it to act at the eye and brain level and has been linked to benefits for vision, cognitive function and other conditions. While marigold flower is positioned as the only crop from which lutein is extracted from and commercialized, microalgae are proposed as an alternative with several advantages over this terrestrial crop. The main barrier to scaling up lutein production from microalgae to the commercial level is the low productivity compared to the high costs. This review explores strategies to enhance lutein production in microalgae by emphasizing the overall productivity over lutein content alone. Evaluation of how culture parameters, such as light quality, nitrogen sufficiency, temperature and even stress factors, affect lutein content and biomass development in batch phototrophic cultures was performed. Overall, the total lutein production remains low under this metabolic regime due to the low biomass productivity of photosynthetic batch cultures. For this reason, we describe findings on microalgal cultures grown under different metabolic regimes and culture protocols (fed-batch, pulse-feed, semi-batch, semi-continuous, continuous). After a careful literature examination, two-step heterotrophic or mixotrophic cultivation strategies are suggested to surpass the lutein productivity achieved in single-step photosynthetic cultures. Furthermore, this review highlights the urgent need to develop technical feasibility studies at a pilot scale for these cultivation strategies, which will strengthen the necessary techno-economic analyses to drive their commercial production.
消费者对更健康、更可持续产品的意识不断提高，促使人们寻找天然来源的化合物来替代化学合成的同类产品。对天然来源的色素（如类胡萝卜素，特别是叶黄素）的研究已经进行了三十多年。叶黄素因其抗氧化和光保护活性而受到认可。它能够穿过血脑屏障，在眼睛和大脑水平上发挥作用，并与视力、认知功能和其他疾病的益处相关。虽然万寿菊花被认为是唯一从中提取和商业化叶黄素的作物，但与这种陆生作物相比，微藻被提议作为一种替代物具有几个优势。将微藻中叶黄素的产量从实验室规模扩大到商业规模的主要障碍是与高成本相比，产量较低。本综述通过强调整体生产力而不仅仅是叶黄素含量，探讨了提高微藻中叶黄素产量的策略。评价了培养参数（如光质、氮充足、温度甚至应激因素）如何影响分批光养培养物中的叶黄素含量和生物质的发展。总的来说，由于光合分批培养物的生物质生产力低，这种代谢模式下的总叶黄素产量仍然很低。因此，我们描述了在不同代谢模式和培养方案（分批补料、脉冲进料、半分批、半连续、连续）下培养微藻的发现。经过仔细的文献检查，建议采用两步异养或混养培养策略来超过单步光合培养中获得的叶黄素生产力。此外，本综述强调了迫切需要在中试规模上开展这些培养策略的技术可行性研究，这将加强必要的技术经济分析，以推动其商业生产。
