Borrell Luisa N, Echeverria Sandra E
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
Prev Med Rep. 2024 Apr 26;42:102742. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102742. eCollection 2024 Jun.
To estimate the associations of smoking, weight status and physical inactivity with all-cause and cause-specific deaths, and the advanced rate period (RAP) to determine how early death was advanced among United States (U.S.) adults aged 18 years or older.
We used data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and the 2019 Linked Mortality File (LMF) with a follow-up period of 21.6 years (n = 16,612, including 7,278 deaths). Smoking, weight status, and physical inactivity were obtained from NHANES III and mortality outcomes from the 2019 LMF. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios, RAPs and their corresponding confidence intervals.
For adults who currently smoke, were obese and physically inactive, the rate of dying from all-cause, CVD, and cancer was at least 231 % greater than for those who never smoked, were normal weight and physically active. The RAPs associated with the clustering of these risk factors for all cause, CVD- and cancer-specific cause of deaths were 13.0, 12.1 and 18.9 years older, respectively.
Our findings underscore the need to focus on modifiable risk factors for illness prevention and health promotion and call attention to the increasing clustering of unhealthy risk factors in the U.S. population.
评估吸烟、体重状况和缺乏身体活动与全因死亡及特定原因死亡之间的关联，以及提前死亡期（RAP），以确定美国18岁及以上成年人的过早死亡提前了多少。
我们使用了第三次全国健康与营养检查调查（NHANES III）和2019年关联死亡率文件（LMF）的数据，随访期为21.6年（n = 16,612，包括7,278例死亡）。吸烟、体重状况和缺乏身体活动的数据来自NHANES III，死亡率结果来自2019年LMF。采用Cox回归来估计风险比、RAP及其相应的置信区间。
对于目前吸烟、肥胖且缺乏身体活动的成年人，全因、心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症死亡发生率比从不吸烟、体重正常且身体活跃的成年人至少高出231%。与这些风险因素聚集相关的全因、CVD和癌症特定原因死亡的RAP分别提前了13.0年、12.1年和18.9年。
我们的研究结果强调了关注可改变的风险因素以预防疾病和促进健康的必要性，并提醒人们注意美国人群中不健康风险因素的日益聚集。
