Wubu Birhanu, Million Yihenew, Gizachew Mucheye
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Abrihajira Hospital, Amhara National Regional State, Abrihajira, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 May 9;10(10):e30939. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30939. eCollection 2024 May 30.
Co-infection of (MTB) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major global public health issue, particularly in border areas of resource-limited nations, including Ethiopia.
To explore the prevalence and associated variables of MTB/HIV co-infection among PTB presumptive patients in Northwest Ethiopia.
From February to August 2021, a cross-sectional institutional investigation was conducted at the Metema and Abrehajira hospitals. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. The MTB/RIF Xpert assay was used to process sputum, and 3 ml of veins blood was collected for HIV rapid test (STAT-PAK, ABON, and SD BIOLINE HIV test algorithm) following the Ethiopian National HIV test algorithm. The Gene Xpert assay's sample processing control was checked to ensure data quality. Data entered into Epi-Data were exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Statistically significant variables (p-value ≤0.2) from bivariable analysis were included in multivariable analysis. A was judged statistically significant.
This study included 314 PTB presumptive patients with a median age of 35.0 years, of which 178 (56.69 %) were males. Among all patients, 40(12.7 %) and 51(16.2 %) were PTB, and HIV seropositivity, respectively. Of the PTB patients, 14/40 (35 %) (95 % CI: 24.4-45.6) were co-infected with HIV/AIDS. Married patients were 70 % less likely than unmarried individuals (AOR = 0.3 CI; 0.07-0.98) to have MTB/HIV co-infection. Patients who had contact history with MDR-TB patients (AOR = 5 CI; 1.37-18.00), and those who had a history of alcohol use (AOR = 12.2 CI; 2.56-57.8) were more likely to have MTB-HIV co-infection than their peers.
Our findings showed that MTB-HIV co-infection is one of the most important community health concerns in the study area. Therefore, MTB/HIV cooperation activities should be fully in place to prevent co-infection and its impact on the population.
结核分枝杆菌（MTB）与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）合并感染是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题，在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的资源有限国家的边境地区尤为突出。
探讨埃塞俄比亚西北部肺结核疑似患者中MTB/HIV合并感染的患病率及相关变量。
2021年2月至8月，在梅泰马和阿布雷哈伊拉医院进行了一项横断面机构调查。使用半结构化问卷收集社会人口学和临床数据。采用MTB/RIF Xpert检测法处理痰液，并按照埃塞俄比亚国家HIV检测算法采集3ml静脉血进行HIV快速检测（STAT-PAK、ABON和SD BIOLINE HIV检测算法）。检查Gene Xpert检测法的样本处理对照以确保数据质量。录入Epi-Data的数据导出到SPSS 20版进行分析。双变量分析中具有统计学意义的变量（p值≤0.2）纳入多变量分析。p<0.05被判定具有统计学意义。
本研究纳入314例肺结核疑似患者，中位年龄35.0岁，其中178例（56.69%）为男性。在所有患者中，肺结核和HIV血清学阳性分别为40例（占12.7%）和51例（占16.2%）。在肺结核患者中，14/40（35%）（95%CI：24.4-45.6）合并感染HIV/AIDS。已婚患者发生MTB/HIV合并感染的可能性比未婚者低70%（调整后比值比[AOR]=0.3；95%CI：0.07-0.98）。有耐多药结核病患者接触史的患者（AOR=5；95%CI：1.37-18.00）以及有饮酒史的患者（AOR=12.2；95%CI：2.56-57.8）比同龄人更易发生MTB-HIV合并感染。
我们的研究结果表明，MTB-HIV合并感染是研究地区最重要的社区卫生问题之一。因此，应全面开展MTB/HIV合作活动，以预防合并感染及其对人群造成的影响。
