Ugwu Kennethe Okonkeo, Agbo Martin Chinonye, Ezeonu Ifeoma Maureen
Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Afr J Infect Dis. 2021 Mar 18;15(2):24-30. doi: 10.21010/ajid.v15i2.5. eCollection 2021.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem, with developing countries bearing the highest burden. Nigeria is first in Africa and sixth in the world among the countries with the highest TB burden, but is among the 10 countries accounting for over 70% of the global gap in TB case detection and notification. Enugu State, Nigeria reportedly has a notification gap of almost 14,000 TB cases; a situation which must be addressed.
A total number of 868 individuals accessing DOTS services in designated centres within the six Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Enugu North geographical zone, was recruited into the study. The participants were screened for HIV seropositivity by standard protocols, while screening for TB and drug-resistant TB were conducted by a combination of Zhiel Neelsen staining and Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (Xpert MTB/Rif).
Of the 868 subjects that participated in the study, 176 (20.3%) were HIV seropositive. The highest prevalence (26.7%) of HIV was recorded in Udenu LGA, while the least (13.1%) was recorded in Nsukka LGA. Overall TB prevalence was found to be 22.1% and 21.3% by sputum-smear and NAAT, respectively. Uzo Uwani LGA recorded the highest prevalence of both TB (33.3%) and TB/HIV co-infection (16.7%), but the lowest prevalence of resistant TB. Nsukka LGA had the highest prevalence of resistant TB.
Enugu North geographical zone, Nigeria, has a high prevalence of both HIV and TB, including resistant TB and there is need to increase monitoring of individuals resident in this region.
结核病仍然是一个全球公共卫生问题，发展中国家负担最重。在结核病负担最高的国家中，尼日利亚在非洲排名第一，在世界排名第六，但却是导致全球结核病病例发现和通报差距超过70%的10个国家之一。据报道，尼日利亚埃努古州的结核病通报缺口近14000例；这种情况必须得到解决。
在埃努古北地理区域的六个地方政府辖区（LGAs）内的指定中心接受直接观察短程治疗（DOTS）服务的868人被纳入研究。参与者通过标准方案进行HIV血清阳性筛查，而结核病和耐多药结核病筛查则通过萋-尼氏染色和核酸扩增检测（Xpert MTB/Rif）相结合的方式进行。
参与研究的868名受试者中，176人（20.3%）HIV血清呈阳性。乌德努地方政府辖区HIV患病率最高（26.7%），而Nsukka地方政府辖区最低（13.1%）。通过痰涂片和核酸扩增检测分别发现总体结核病患病率为22.1%和21.3%。Uzo Uwani地方政府辖区的结核病患病率（33.3%）和结核病/HIV合并感染率（16.7%）均最高，但耐多药结核病患病率最低。Nsukka地方政府辖区的耐多药结核病患病率最高。
尼日利亚埃努古北地理区域HIV和结核病，包括耐多药结核病的患病率都很高，需要加强对该地区居民的监测。
