Jokar Zahra, Banavi Nafiseh, Taghizadehfard Sara, Hassani Fatemeh, Solimani Rezvan, Azarpira Nahid, Dehghani Hanieh, Dezhgahi Atefeh, Sanati Ali Mohammad, Farjadfard Sima, Ramavandi Bahman
Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran.
Department of Environmental Science, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 May 8;10(9):e30853. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30853. eCollection 2024 May 15.
Plastic wastes -including cigarette butts (CBs)- are dangerous for marine ecosystems not only because they contain hazardous chemicals but also because they can finally turn into micro- or even nano-particles that may be ingested by micro- and macro-fauna. Even large pieces of plastics can trap animals. In this research, the pollution status of macroplastics (abundance, size, type, and colour) and cigarette butts (CBs, number/m) on the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf has been investigated. A total of 19 stations were explored in Bushehr province (Iran), which covers a length equivalent to 160 km of the Persian Gulf coastline. Among the collected plastic waste (2992 items), disposable mugs were the most frequent (18 %). Plastics with sizes 5-15 cm were the most abundant, and the most common type of plastic was PET (-value <0.05). The origin of most macroplastics was domestic (2269 items). According to the Index of Clean Coasts (ICC), most surveyed beaches were extremely dirty. The average number and density of CBs in this study were 220 and 2.45 items/m, respectively. Household litter was the most abundant type of waste in the studied beaches, and this problem can be better managed by training and improving the waste disposal culture. In general, it is suggested that an integrated and enhanced management for fishing, sewage and surface water disposal, and sandy recreational beaches be implemented in Bushehr to control plastic waste.
塑料垃圾——包括烟头（CBs）——对海洋生态系统是危险的，不仅因为它们含有有害化学物质，还因为它们最终可能变成微塑料甚至纳米颗粒，这些颗粒可能会被微型和大型动物摄取。即使是大块的塑料也可能困住动物。在这项研究中，调查了波斯湾北部海岸的大型塑料垃圾（丰度、尺寸、类型和颜色）和烟头（CBs，数量/米）的污染状况。在布什尔省（伊朗）共勘查了19个站点，其覆盖的长度相当于波斯湾海岸线的160公里。在所收集的塑料垃圾（2992件）中，一次性杯子最为常见（18%）。尺寸为5 - 15厘米的塑料最为丰富，最常见的塑料类型是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（-值<0.05）。大多数大型塑料垃圾的来源是家庭（2269件）。根据清洁海岸指数（ICC），大多数被调查的海滩极其肮脏。本研究中CBs的平均数量和密度分别为220个和2.45个/米。家庭垃圾是所研究海滩中最丰富的垃圾类型，通过培训和改善垃圾处理文化可以更好地管理这个问题。总体而言，建议在布什尔实施对渔业、污水和地表水排放以及沙滩休闲海滩的综合强化管理，以控制塑料垃圾。
