Birch J
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1985;5(3):265-85.
There are different types and degrees of colour deficiency and some types of defect occur more frequently than others. Several different techniques are used for examining colour vision and many different tests are available commercially. Clinical tests have three aims: to screen for colour deficiency, to diagnose or classify the type of defect and to grade the severity of the defect. Individual tests do not fulfil all three aims and a test battery is recommended for any detailed colour-vision examination or for giving occupational advice. This paper provides information about congenital and acquired colour-vision defects and lists the principal colour-vision tests. Standardized test methods and viewing conditions are described. The efficiency of each test, for screening, diagnosis and grading is indicated and appropriate test batteries are recommended for different testing requirements.
存在不同类型和程度的色觉缺陷，某些类型的缺陷比其他类型更常见。用于检查色觉的技术有几种，市场上也有许多不同的测试方法。临床测试有三个目的：筛查色觉缺陷、诊断或分类缺陷类型以及评估缺陷的严重程度。单个测试无法实现所有这三个目的，因此对于任何详细的色觉检查或提供职业建议，都建议使用一组测试。本文提供了有关先天性和后天性色觉缺陷的信息，并列出了主要的色觉测试。描述了标准化的测试方法和观察条件。指出了每种测试在筛查、诊断和分级方面的效率，并针对不同的测试要求推荐了合适的测试组合。
