Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
Highland Agriculture Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea.
J Sci Food Agric. 2024 Sep;104(12):7557-7566. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.13592. Epub 2024 May 20.
Fresh ginseng is typically accompanied by soil after harvest, leading to contamination with harmful fungi during storage and distribution. In this study, we investigated the incidence of fungal contamination in fresh ginseng (5-6 years old) purchased from 22 different stores in Geumsan, Korea.
The incidence of fungal contamination in the samples was 67.4-111.5%. Fusarium solani was the most abundant species in the head (38.5%) and fine root (19.3%) parts of the ginseng samples, whereas F. oxysporum was the most abundant in the main root (22.0%) part. We isolated Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium spp. (total number of isolates: 395) from the ginseng samples, and 138 isolates were identified using phylogenetic analysis. Polymerase chain reaction-based screening of 65 mycotoxin-producing species revealed that two P. expansum isolates were positive for citrinin and/or patulin, and five F. oxysporum isolates were positive for fumonisin biosynthesis gene. One P. expansum isolate produced 738.0 mg kg patulin, and the other produced 10.4 mg kg citrinin and 12.0 mg kg patulin on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Among the 47 representative F. oxysporum isolates, 43 (91.5%) produced beauvericin (0.1-15.4 mg kg) and four of them (8.5%) produced enniatin B and enniatin B (0.1-1.8 mg kg) as well. However, none of these toxins was detected in fresh ginseng samples.
Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were the most abundant species in fresh ginseng samples. Most F. oxysporum (43) and P. expansum (2) strains isolated from fresh ginseng produced beauvericin and enniatins (B and B), and patulin or citrinin, respectively, on PDA medium. This is the first report of the mycotoxigenic potential of P. expansum and F. oxysporum strains isolated from fresh ginseng. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
鲜人参在收获后通常会带有土壤，因此在储存和运输过程中容易受到有害真菌的污染。本研究调查了从韩国全州的 22 家不同商店购买的 5-6 年生鲜人参样本中真菌污染的发生率。
人参样本的真菌污染发生率为 67.4-111.5%。在人参样本的头部（38.5%）和细根（19.3%）部分，优势菌种为茄病镰刀菌，而在主根（22.0%）部分，优势菌种为尖孢镰刀菌。我们从人参样本中分离出了曲霉属、镰刀菌属和青霉属（总分离株数：395 株），并通过系统发育分析鉴定了 138 株。基于聚合酶链反应的 65 种产毒真菌筛查显示，2 株扩展青霉分离株产桔青霉素和/或棒曲霉素，5 株尖孢镰刀菌分离株产伏马菌素生物合成基因阳性。一株扩展青霉分离株在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）培养基上产生 738.0 mg/kg 棒曲霉素，另一株产生 10.4 mg/kg 桔青霉素和 12.0 mg/kg 棒曲霉素。在 47 株有代表性的尖孢镰刀菌分离株中，有 43 株（91.5%）产生了 beauvericin（0.1-15.4 mg/kg），其中 4 株（8.5%）产生了 enniatin B 和 enniatin B（0.1-1.8 mg/kg）。然而，这些毒素都没有在新鲜的人参样本中检测到。
茄病镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌是鲜人参样本中最丰富的菌种。从鲜人参中分离出的大多数尖孢镰刀菌（43 株）和扩展青霉（2 株）菌株在 PDA 培养基上产生 beauvericin 和 enniatins（B 和 B），以及棒曲霉素或桔青霉素。这是首次报道从鲜人参中分离出的扩展青霉和尖孢镰刀菌菌株具有产毒能力。© 2024 化学工业协会。
