Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Eur J Neurosci. 2024 Jul;60(2):4063-4077. doi: 10.1111/ejn.16421. Epub 2024 May 21.
Psychoactive substances obtained from botanicals have been applied for a wide variety of purposes in the rituals of different cultures for thousands of years. Classical psychedelics from N,N'-dimethyltryptamine, psilocybin, mescaline and various lysergamides cause specific alterations in perception, emotion and cognition by acting through serotonin 5-HT receptor activation. Lysergic acid diethylamide, the first famous breakthrough in the field, was discovered by chance by Albert Hoffman in the Zurich Sandoz laboratory in 1943, and studies on its psychoactive effects began to take place in the literature. Studies in this area were blocked after the legislation controlling the use and research of psychedelic drugs came into force in 1967, but since the 1990s, it has started to be a matter of scientific curiosity again by various research groups. In particular, with the crucial reports of psychotherapy-assisted psilocybin applications for life-threatening cancer-related anxiety and depression, a new avenues have been opened in the treatment of psychiatric diseases such as treatment-resistant depression and substance addictions. An increasing number of studies show that psychedelics have a very promising potential in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases where the desired efficiency cannot be achieved with conventional treatment methods. In this context, we discuss psychedelic therapy, encompassing its historical development, therapeutic applications and potential treatment effects-especially in depression, trauma disorders and substance use disorders-within the framework of ethical considerations.
从植物中提取的具有精神活性的物质在不同文化的仪式中被广泛应用于各种目的，已经有几千年的历史了。经典的致幻剂，如 N,N'-二甲基色胺、裸盖菇素、三甲氧苯乙胺和各种麦角酰二乙胺，通过激活 5-羟色胺 5-HT 受体，引起感知、情感和认知的特定改变。麦角酸二乙基酰胺，该领域的第一个著名突破，是由阿尔伯特·霍夫曼（Albert Hoffman）于 1943 年在苏黎世山德士实验室偶然发现的，关于其致幻作用的研究开始在文献中出现。1967 年，控制迷幻药物使用和研究的立法生效后，该领域的研究被阻断，但自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，它再次成为各个研究小组的科学好奇心的对象。特别是，随着在治疗危及生命的癌症相关焦虑和抑郁方面辅助使用裸盖菇素进行心理治疗的关键报告的出现，为治疗难治性抑郁症和物质成瘾等精神疾病开辟了新途径。越来越多的研究表明，迷幻剂在治疗神经精神疾病方面具有非常有前景的潜力，在这些疾病中，传统治疗方法无法达到预期的疗效。在这方面，我们讨论了迷幻疗法，包括其历史发展、治疗应用和潜在的治疗效果——特别是在抑郁症、创伤障碍和物质使用障碍方面——并在伦理考虑的框架内进行了讨论。
