Sim Mi-Young, Park June-Beom, Kim Deok-Yeoung, Kim Hae-Young, Park Ji-Man
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
Heliyon. 2024 May 11;10(10):e30996. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30996. eCollection 2024 May 30.
This in vitro study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate and compare the horizontal and vertical accuracies of complete-arch casts produced by six 3D printers with different printing principles and resolutions using a low-viscosity resin material.
A reference cast was designed by CAD software. The 3D printers used were DLPa (Asiga MAX), DLPk (cara Print 4.0), LCD2o (Ondemand 2 K Printer), LCD2p (Photon Mono X), LCD4s (SONIC 4 K), and SLA (ZENITH U). Ten casts were printed for each 3D printer using a low-viscosity resin. The accuracy of each printed cast was evaluated using shell-to-shell deviations, 12 linear, one angular, and five height deviations, with a reference cast as the control. The surface features of the casts were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and digital cameras.
The evaluation of shell-to-shell deviation revealed that DLPa and SLA printers exhibited low trueness values, whereas LCD printers displayed high trueness values. Among the LCD printers, LCD4s and LCD2o exhibited the lowest and highest trueness values, respectively. DLPa printers showed lower trueness values for intercanine and intermolar distances, whereas LCD printers generally demonstrated high trueness values. However, LCD4s exhibited similar trueness values to those of SLA and DLPk. The height deviation was smallest in the anterior area, whereas the largest height deviation occurred in the canine teeth. The surface characteristics indicated that the SLA casts had greater light reflection and blunt canine tips. The FE-SEM observations highlighted that the LCD and DLP printers exhibited varying layer characteristics, with some presenting rough and uneven borders in the anterior lingual area.
The accuracy of 3D printed casts varied among the 3D printer groups: DLPa and SLA were accurate for shell-to-shell deviation, with DLPa being the most accurate for linear and angular deviations. Regardless of the XY resolution, the DLP printers outperformed the LCD printers. Among the LCD group of 3D printers, higher-resolution LCD4s demonstrated increased accuracy. The SLA exhibited soft layer borders in the FE-SEM owing to its laser spot characteristics and prominent light reflection in the digital camera images.
本体外研究旨在使用低粘度树脂材料，定量和定性地评估和比较6台具有不同打印原理和分辨率的3D打印机制作的全牙弓模型的水平和垂直精度。
通过CAD软件设计一个参考模型。所使用的3D打印机分别为DLPa（Asiga MAX）、DLPk（cara Print 4.0）、LCD2o（按需2K打印机）、LCD2p（Photon Mono X）、LCD4s（SONIC 4K）和SLA（ZENITH U）。使用低粘度树脂为每台3D打印机打印10个模型。以参考模型作为对照，使用壳对壳偏差、12个线性偏差、1个角度偏差和5个高度偏差来评估每个打印模型的精度。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和数码相机检查模型的表面特征。
壳对壳偏差评估显示，DLPa和SLA打印机的真实度值较低，而LCD打印机的真实度值较高。在LCD打印机中，LCD4s和LCD2o分别表现出最低和最高的真实度值。DLPa打印机在尖牙间和磨牙间距离的真实度值较低，而LCD打印机总体上表现出较高的真实度值。然而，LCD4s的真实度值与SLA和DLPk的相似。高度偏差在前部区域最小，而最大的高度偏差出现在尖牙处。表面特征表明，SLA模型具有更大的光反射和钝圆的尖牙尖端。FE-SEM观察结果突出显示，LCD和DLP打印机表现出不同的层特征，其中一些在前舌区域呈现粗糙不平的边界。
3D打印模型的精度在不同的3D打印机组中有所不同：DLPa和SLA在壳对壳偏差方面较为准确，DLPa在线性和角度偏差方面最准确。无论XY分辨率如何，DLP打印机的表现均优于LCD打印机。在LCD组3D打印机中，分辨率更高的LCD4s显示出更高的精度。由于其激光光斑特性，SLA在FE-SEM中表现出柔软的层边界，并且在数码相机图像中具有明显的光反射。
