Nord C E, Lindqvist L, Olsson-Liljequist B, Tunér K
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1985;46:57-63.
The known mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria involve production of beta-lactamases, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins and blocked penetration of beta-lactams through the outer membranes. The most important factor in beta-lactam resistance is production of beta-lactamase. Beta-lactamases in various Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Clostridium species have been described. Beta-lactam resistance in Bacteroides fragilis is most commonly mediated by beta-lactamase production mainly of cephalosporinase character. Recent studies have also shown that B. fragilis can produce a penicillinase which inactivates piperacillin and carbenicillin. Enzymes inactivating cefoxitin and imipenem have also been isolated from B. fragilis. The Bacteroides non-fragilis species produce beta-lactamases of mainly penicillinase character. Recently a penicillinase from Fusobacterium nucleatum has been characterized. Among the clostridia, Clostridium butyricum, C. clostridiiformis and C. ramosum have been shown to produce penicillinases.
厌氧菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的已知机制包括β-内酰胺酶的产生、青霉素结合蛋白的改变以及β-内酰胺类药物通过外膜的渗透受阻。β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的最重要因素是β-内酰胺酶的产生。已经描述了各种拟杆菌属、梭杆菌属和梭菌属中的β-内酰胺酶。脆弱拟杆菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药性最常见的是由主要具有头孢菌素酶特性的β-内酰胺酶产生介导的。最近的研究还表明，脆弱拟杆菌可以产生一种使哌拉西林和羧苄西林失活的青霉素酶。从脆弱拟杆菌中还分离出了使头孢西丁和亚胺培南失活的酶。非脆弱拟杆菌属产生的β-内酰胺酶主要具有青霉素酶特性。最近已对具核梭杆菌的一种青霉素酶进行了表征。在梭菌中，已证明丁酸梭菌、梭形梭菌和多枝梭菌可产生青霉素酶。
