Hassanein Zeinab M, Nalbant Gamze, Bogdanovica Ilze, Langley Tessa, Murray Rachael L
Academic Unit of Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2024 Oct 22;26(11):1545-1552. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntae051.
The prevalence of daily secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among pregnant nonsmoking women and children in Egypt is estimated to be about 50% and 55%, respectively. This study aimed to explore barriers to preventing SHS exposure among pregnant women/children and smoking in the home in Egypt.
Six focus group discussions with pregnant women or mothers of children residing in urban-rural areas (n = 61) were conducted. Data were managed and analyzed using the Framework Method.
Sixty-one participants aged 18-49 were recruited. They reported being never smokers and SHS exposure for themselves and their children was mainly at home. Pregnant women or mothers had some general knowledge of the dangers of SHS, but their knowledge appeared incomplete. The most commonly reported barriers to preventing SHS exposure/adopting a smoke-free home or workplace were social acceptance of smoking and SHS exposure, masculinity and gender norms of accepting smoking among men as a normative behavior, fear among women of damaging a relationship with family or even divorce, women resigning themselves to SHS exposure, and doctors not being supportive of smoking cessation. The majority of interviewees' families were reported to allow smoking anywhere in the home. Others implemented some measures to prevent SHS; however, these tended to be inconsistently implemented.
Changing the norm of accepting smoking among men as a normative behavior within Egyptian society and better enforcement of smoke-free policies, will help to protect pregnant women and children from SHS.
This study suggests promising approaches to support the promotion of smoke-free homes and the prevention of SHS exposure among pregnant women and children in public places in Egypt. Better enforcement of smoke-free policies is needed. Healthcare professionals should support smoking cessation services in primary health centers. SHS policy, practice, and research should focus on husbands/fathers as they are the main source of SHS. There is a need for denormalization of SHS exposure in Egyptian society.
据估计，埃及不吸烟的孕妇和儿童中，每天接触二手烟（SHS）的比例分别约为50%和55%。本研究旨在探讨埃及孕妇/儿童预防二手烟暴露及家庭吸烟的障碍。
对居住在城乡地区的孕妇或儿童母亲进行了6次焦点小组讨论（n = 61）。采用框架法对数据进行管理和分析。
招募了61名年龄在18 - 49岁的参与者。他们报告自己从不吸烟，自己和孩子接触二手烟主要是在家里。孕妇或母亲对二手烟的危害有一些基本认识，但似乎并不完整。预防二手烟暴露/采用无烟家庭或工作场所最常报告的障碍包括社会对吸烟和二手烟暴露的接受度、男性气质以及男性接受吸烟作为一种规范行为的性别规范、女性担心破坏与家人的关系甚至离婚、女性甘愿接受二手烟暴露，以及医生不支持戒烟。据报告，大多数受访者的家庭允许在家庭的任何地方吸烟。其他人实施了一些预防二手烟的措施；然而，这些措施往往执行不一致。
改变埃及社会将男性吸烟视为规范行为的观念，以及更好地执行无烟政策，将有助于保护孕妇和儿童免受二手烟危害。
本研究提出了一些有前景的方法，以支持在埃及推广无烟家庭以及预防孕妇和儿童在公共场所接触二手烟。需要更好地执行无烟政策。医疗保健专业人员应在初级卫生中心支持戒烟服务。二手烟政策、实践和研究应关注丈夫/父亲，因为他们是二手烟的主要来源。埃及社会需要使二手烟暴露非规范化。
