Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
mBio. 2024 Jun 12;15(6):e0110924. doi: 10.1128/mbio.01109-24. Epub 2024 May 23.
Infectious diseases are emerging and re-emerging far more frequently than many appreciate. In the past two decades alone, there have been numerous outbreaks (e.g., Ebola, chikungunya, Zika, and Mpox) and pandemics (i.e., swine flu and coronavirus disease 2019) with profound effects to public health, the economy, and society at large. Rather than view these in isolation, there are important lessons pertaining to how best to contend with future outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. Those lessons span definition (i.e., what constitutes a pandemic), through deficiencies in surveillance, data collection and reporting, the execution of research in a rapidly changing environment, the nuances of study design and hierarchy of clinical evidence, triage according to clinical need as supply chains become overwhelmed, and the challenges surrounding forecasting of outbreaks. Understanding those lessons and drawing on both the successes and failures of the past are imperative if we are to overcome the challenges of outbreak/pandemic responsiveness.
传染病的出现和再现频率比许多人想象的要高得多。仅在过去二十年中，就发生了许多疫情（例如埃博拉、基孔肯雅热、寨卡和猴痘）和大流行（即猪流感和 2019 年冠状病毒病），对公共卫生、经济和整个社会都产生了深远的影响。我们不应孤立地看待这些问题，而是应该从中吸取有关如何最好地应对新出现的传染病疫情的重要经验教训。这些经验教训涵盖了定义（即构成大流行的标准）、监测、数据收集和报告中的缺陷、在快速变化的环境中进行研究的执行、研究设计和临床证据层次结构的细微差别、根据临床需要进行分诊，因为供应链会不堪重负，以及预测疫情的挑战。如果我们要克服应对疫情/大流行的挑战，那么了解这些经验教训并借鉴过去的成功和失败就至关重要。
