Bishara S E, Jakobsen J R
Am J Orthod. 1985 Dec;88(6):466-502. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9416(85)80046-4.
The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the dentofacial relationships of three normal facial types (long, average, and short). Comparisons of the absolute and incremental changes between 5 years and 25.5 years of age were made both longitudinally and cross-sectionally. The subjects consisted of 20 males and 15 females for whom complete sets of data were available for the period of this study. All subjects had clinically acceptable occlusion and had not undergone previous orthodontic treatment. Descriptive statistics summarized the changes in 48 parameters, including that of height for males and females at 5, 10, 15, and 25.5 years of age. Longitudinal comparisons of the growth curves evaluated the curve profiles and curve magnitudes for the three facial types for both males and females. The analysis of variance was also used to compare the absolute and incremental changes at ages 5, 10, 15, and 25.5 years. The investigation resulted in the following findings. (1) Most persons (77%) have been categorized as having the same facial type at 5 and at 25.5 years of age. There is a strong tendency to maintain the original facial type with age. (2) Comparisons of the growth curves of the different parameters--with the exception of the incremental curves for MP:SN and Pog:NB in males--consistently demonstrated parallelism of the curves, regardless of the facial type. On the other hand, comparisons of curve magnitude indicated significant differences among the three facial types. (3) The persons within each facial type expressed a relatively large variation in the size and relationships of the various dentofacial structures. (4) Significant differences in the dentofacial parameters were present between males and females with the same facial type. The differences among facial types were not identical in males and females. (5) Longitudinal analysis of the data lends more consistent and, therefore, more meaningful results than cross-sectional comparisons when facial growth trends need to be evaluated. This is because growth changes are often subtle and of magnitudes not readily observed when the data are evaluated cross-sectionally. Standards that are age-, sex- and facial type-specific are presented.
本研究的目的是描述和比较三种正常面部类型（长脸、平均脸和短脸）的牙颌面关系。对5岁至25.5岁之间的绝对变化和增量变化进行了纵向和横向比较。研究对象包括20名男性和15名女性，他们在本研究期间有完整的数据集。所有受试者的咬合在临床上均可接受，且之前未接受过正畸治疗。描述性统计总结了48个参数的变化，包括5岁、10岁、15岁和25.5岁时男性和女性的身高参数。生长曲线的纵向比较评估了三种面部类型男性和女性的曲线轮廓和曲线幅度。方差分析也用于比较5岁、10岁、15岁和25.5岁时的绝对变化和增量变化。调查结果如下：（1）大多数人（77%）在5岁和25.5岁时被归类为同一种面部类型。随着年龄增长，保持原始面部类型的趋势很强。（2） 除男性的MP:SN和Pog:NB增量曲线外，不同参数的生长曲线比较始终显示曲线平行，与面部类型无关。另一方面，曲线幅度比较表明三种面部类型之间存在显著差异。（3） 每种面部类型的个体在各种牙颌面结构的大小和关系上表现出相对较大的差异。（4） 相同面部类型的男性和女性在牙颌面参数上存在显著差异。男性和女性面部类型之间的差异并不相同。（5） 当需要评估面部生长趋势时，数据的纵向分析比横向比较产生更一致、因此更有意义的结果。这是因为当数据进行横向评估时，生长变化往往很细微，幅度不易观察到。本文给出了年龄、性别和面部类型特异性的标准。
