Bishara S E, Peterson L C, Bishara E C
Am J Orthod. 1984 Mar;85(3):238-52. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(84)90063-0.
The purpose of this study is to quantify the changes in facial dimensions and relationship as well as in standing height which occur between the age of 5 years and adulthood. The total change between the ages of 5 and 25.5 years was arbitrarily divided into three periods of growth: from 5 years to 10 years of age (GP I), from 10 to 15 years of age (GP II), and from 15 to 25.5 years of age (GP III). The subjects included twenty males and fifteen females for whom complete sets of data were available for the period of this study. All subjects had clinically acceptable occlusion and had undergone no previous orthodontic treatment. Descriptive statistics summarized the changes in standing height and the facial parameters for males and females at 5, 10, 15, and 25.5 years of age. The analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple-range test were used for posterior tests of significance in the comparisons between the three periods of growth for each of the parameters and for both males and females. The findings in this investigation indicated that (1) the timing and magnitude of change in the various facial parameters differ during the same growth period as well as between males and females; (2) in general, most of the changes in the various parameters in females occurred in GP I and GP II, whereas in males the changes were relatively distributed over the three periods of growth; (3) changes in GP III for some parameters were of clinically significant magnitude (for example, in females the ratio of anterior face heights decreased significantly in GP III whereas in males a significant increase occurred in Ar-Pog, SNB, and SNPog, while the maxillary and mandibular relationship, the ratio of anterior to posterior face heights, MP-SN angle, and the convexity of the soft-tissue profile continued to decrease significantly during GP III); (4) during GP III, with the exception of standing height and mandibular depth, there were no significant differences in the magnitude of change between 15 and 17 years of age and the change after 17 years of age; and (5) the data provided by this investigation are useful in describing mean trends, but not in predicting changes occurring in both the size and/or relationship of some facial parameters after 15 years of age; the magnitude of these late changes, at least in certain persons, could either beneficially or adversely influence the orthodontic and/or surgical treatment results.
本研究的目的是量化5岁至成年期面部尺寸、关系以及站立身高的变化。5岁至25.5岁之间的总体变化被任意分为三个生长阶段：5岁至10岁（生长阶段I），10岁至15岁（生长阶段II），以及15岁至25.5岁（生长阶段III）。研究对象包括20名男性和15名女性，他们在本研究期间有完整的数据集。所有受试者的咬合在临床上都可接受，且之前未接受过正畸治疗。描述性统计总结了5岁、10岁、15岁和25.5岁时男性和女性的站立身高及面部参数变化。方差分析和邓肯多重极差检验用于对每个参数以及男性和女性的三个生长阶段之间的比较进行显著性的后续检验。本调查结果表明：（1）在同一生长阶段以及男性和女性之间，各种面部参数变化的时间和幅度不同；（2）一般来说，女性各种参数的大多数变化发生在生长阶段I和生长阶段II，而男性的变化相对分布在三个生长阶段；（3）生长阶段III中某些参数的变化具有临床显著幅度（例如，女性前面部高度比在生长阶段III显著降低，而男性的Ar-Pog、SNB和SNPog显著增加，而上颌与下颌关系、前后面部高度比、MP-SN角以及软组织侧貌凸度在生长阶段III持续显著降低）；（4）在生长阶段III，除站立身高和下颌深度外，15岁至17岁之间的变化幅度与17岁之后的变化之间没有显著差异；（5）本调查提供的数据有助于描述平均趋势，但无法预测15岁之后某些面部参数的大小和/或关系变化；这些后期变化的幅度，至少在某些人身上，可能对正畸和/或外科治疗结果产生有利或不利影响。
