Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Clinical Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
Med Sci Monit. 2024 May 23;30:e944104. doi: 10.12659/MSM.944104.
Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy. It is a multi-organ disorder that remains one of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Additionally, preeclampsia leads to many complications that can occur in the fetus or newborn. Preeclampsia occurs in about 1 in 20 pregnant women. This review focuses on the prediction of preeclampsia in women, using various biomarkers, in particular, a factor combining the use of soluble FMS-like tyrosinokinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF). A low value of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio rules out the occurrence of preeclampsia within 4 weeks of the test result, and its high value predicts the occurrence of preeclampsia within even 1 week. The review also highlights other factors, such as pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, placental protein 13, disintegrin and metalloprotease 12, ß-human chorionic gonadotropin, inhibin-A, soluble endoglin, nitric oxide, and growth differentiation factor 15. Biomarker testing offers reliable and cost-effective screening methods for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of preeclampsia. Early diagnosis in groups of women at high risk for preeclampsia allows for quick intervention, preventing the undesirable effects of preeclampsia. However, further research is needed to validate and optimize the use of biomarkers for more accurate prediction and diagnosis. This article aims to review the role of biomarkers, including the sFlt1/PlGF ratio, in the prognosis and management of preeclampsia.
子痫前期是妊娠的常见并发症。它是一种多器官紊乱的疾病，仍然是产妇发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。此外，子痫前期会导致许多可能发生在胎儿或新生儿身上的并发症。子痫前期发生在大约每 20 名孕妇中就有 1 名。本综述重点介绍了使用各种生物标志物，特别是可溶性 FMS 样酪氨酸激酶-1（sFlt-1）和胎盘生长因子（PlGF）联合使用的因子，对子痫前期的预测。sFlt-1/PlGF 比值低值可排除测试结果后 4 周内发生子痫前期的可能性，而高值可预测甚至 1 周内发生子痫前期的可能性。该综述还强调了其他因素，如妊娠相关血浆蛋白 A、胎盘蛋白 13、解整合素金属蛋白酶 12、ß-人绒毛膜促性腺激素、抑制素-A、可溶性内皮素、一氧化氮和生长分化因子 15。生物标志物检测为早期检测、预后和监测子痫前期提供了可靠且具有成本效益的筛查方法。对子痫前期高危妇女群体的早期诊断可实现快速干预，预防子痫前期的不良影响。然而，需要进一步研究来验证和优化生物标志物的使用，以实现更准确的预测和诊断。本文旨在综述生物标志物（包括 sFlt1/PlGF 比值）在子痫前期的预后和管理中的作用。
