Kinn Liv Grethe, Davidson Larry, Oedegaard Ketil Joachim, Langeland Eva
Department of Welfare and Participation, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
J Occup Rehabil. 2025 Jun;35(2):356-365. doi: 10.1007/s10926-024-10206-x. Epub 2024 May 23.
To explore clients' experiences of receiving job support from employment specialists (ESs) working with individual placement and support (IPS) in Norway. IPS is developed to help people with severe mental illness (SMI) into competitive employment as an integral component of mental health services.
Using a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology, this study comprises individual semi-structured interviews with ten participants engaged in IPS at two districts psychiatric centers. Data analysis was conducted according to systematic text condensation.
Three themes emerged: (1) ES-a door opener? (2) Striving to sidestep a "spider web" of triggers at and away from work; and (3) Calling for a safer route.
This study highlights the importance of ESs offering IPS clients' opportunities to try out diverse jobs and focusing more on assessing the work environment in the jobs they place people into. Our findings imply that ESs should spend more time on building a good working alliance with both clients and employers, and pay more attention on understanding individuals' vocational capacities and support needs at the worksite. The ES training should focus not simply on the technical processes of job development and placement, but more directly on empowering clients to stay focused on their vocational ambitions and prospects. The salutogenic model of health can help ESs to analyze whether clients experience workplaces as meaningful, manageable, and comprehensible.
探讨挪威接受个别安置与支持（IPS）模式下就业专家（ESs）提供的工作支持的客户的经历。IPS旨在帮助患有严重精神疾病（SMI）的人获得竞争性就业，作为心理健康服务的一个组成部分。
本研究采用诠释现象学方法，对两个地区精神病中心参与IPS的10名参与者进行了个别半结构化访谈。数据分析是根据系统的文本浓缩进行的。
出现了三个主题：（1）就业专家——开门人？（2）努力避开工作场所内外的触发因素“蜘蛛网”；（3）呼吁一条更安全的途径。
本研究强调了就业专家为IPS客户提供尝试各种工作的机会以及更多关注评估他们为人们安排的工作中的工作环境的重要性。我们的研究结果表明，就业专家应该花更多时间与客户和雇主建立良好的工作联盟，并更加关注了解个人在工作场所的职业能力和支持需求。就业专家培训不应仅仅关注工作开发和安置的技术流程，而应更直接地关注使客户能够专注于他们的职业抱负和前景。健康的有益模式可以帮助就业专家分析客户是否将工作场所体验为有意义、可管理和可理解的。
