Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2024 Aug;25(8):535-552. doi: 10.1038/s41583-024-00824-y. Epub 2024 May 23.
Mammalian cortical networks are active before synaptogenesis begins in earnest, before neuronal migration is complete, and well before an animal opens its eyes and begins to actively explore its surroundings. This early activity undergoes several transformations during development. The most important of these is a transition from episodic synchronous network events, which are necessary for patterning the neocortex into functionally related modules, to desynchronized activity that is computationally more powerful and efficient. Network desynchronization is perhaps the most dramatic and abrupt developmental event in an otherwise slow and gradual process of brain maturation. In this Review, we summarize what is known about the phenomenology of developmental synchronous activity in the rodent neocortex and speculate on the mechanisms that drive its eventual desynchronization. We argue that desynchronization of network activity is a fundamental step through which the cortex transitions from passive, bottom-up detection of sensory stimuli to active sensory processing with top-down modulation.
哺乳动物皮质网络在突触发生之前就开始活跃，在神经元迁移完成之前，并且在动物睁开眼睛并开始积极探索周围环境之前。这种早期活动在发育过程中经历了几次转变。其中最重要的是从偶发性同步网络事件向去同步活动的转变，偶发性同步网络事件对于将新皮层模式化为功能相关的模块是必要的，而去同步活动在计算上更强大和高效。网络去同步化可能是大脑成熟这一缓慢而渐进的过程中最显著和突然的发育事件。在这篇综述中，我们总结了啮齿动物新皮层发育同步活动的现象，并推测了驱动其最终去同步化的机制。我们认为，网络活动的去同步化是皮质从被动的、基于底部向上的感觉刺激检测向主动的、具有自上而下调制的感觉处理的基本步骤。
