Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2024 May 23;24(1):1390. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18798-y.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition causing severe emotional, physical, and behavioral symptoms before menstruation. It greatly hinders daily activities, affecting academic and interpersonal relationships. Attention is not given to premenstrual disorders among female students in higher education. As a result, students are susceptible to stress, and their academic success is influenced by various factors, including their menstrual cycle, and the long-term outcomes and consequences are poorly researched. Even though PMDD has a significant negative impact on student's academic achievement and success limited research has been conducted in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, especially in the study setting. Therefore, a study is needed to assess premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among regular undergraduate students at Hawassa University.
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 374 regular undergraduate female students at Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences. A self-administered structured premenstrual symptoms screening tool for adolescents was used to assess premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The collected data were loaded into a statistical package for the social science version 25 and analyzed using it. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Each independent variable was entered separately into bivariate analysis, and a variable with a p-value less than 0.25 were included in the multivariate analysis to adjust the possible confounders. Statistically significant was declared at a 95% confidence interval when variable with a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariate analysis with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
The magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in this study was 62.6% (95% CI 57.4-67.5). Having severe premenstrual pain (AOR = 6.44;95%CI 1.02-40.73), having irregular menstrual cycle (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.32-3.70), students who had poor social support (AOR = 5.10;95%CI, (2.76-12.92) and moderate social support (AOR = 4.93;95%CI (2.18-11.18), and students who used contraception (AOR = 3.76;95%CI, 2.21-6,40) were statistically significant factors with the outcome variable.
The prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder was high as compared to other studies. There was a strong link between irregular menstrual cycle, severe menstrual pain (severe dysmenorrhea), poor social support, and contraception use with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This needs early screening and intervention to prevent the complications and worsening of the symptoms that affect students' academic performance by the institution.
经前期烦躁障碍（PMDD）是一种在月经前导致严重情绪、身体和行为症状的疾病。它极大地妨碍了日常活动，影响了学术和人际关系。高等教育中的女学生的经前期障碍没有得到重视。因此，学生容易受到压力的影响，他们的学业成功受到多种因素的影响，包括他们的月经周期，而长期的结果和后果研究不足。尽管 PMDD 对学生的学业成绩和成功有重大负面影响，但在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的中低收入国家，特别是在研究环境中，对 PMDD 的研究有限。因此，需要在 Hawassa 大学的普通本科女学生中评估经前期烦躁障碍及其相关因素。
在 Hawassa 大学医学院和健康科学学院的 374 名普通本科女学生中进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。使用青少年经前期症状筛查工具来评估经前期烦躁障碍。收集的数据被加载到社会科学统计软件包 25 中，并使用该软件进行分析。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归来确定与经前期烦躁障碍相关的因素。每个自变量分别进行单变量分析，将 p 值小于 0.25 的变量纳入多变量分析以调整可能的混杂因素。当多变量分析中与经前期烦躁障碍相关的变量的 p 值小于 0.05 时，认为具有统计学意义。
本研究中经前期烦躁障碍的程度为 62.6%（95%CI 57.4-67.5）。有严重经前期疼痛（AOR=6.44；95%CI 1.02-40.73）、月经周期不规则（AOR=2.21；95%CI 1.32-3.70）、社会支持差（AOR=5.10；95%CI（2.76-12.92）和中等社会支持（AOR=4.93；95%CI（2.18-11.18）、使用避孕药具（AOR=3.76；95%CI，2.21-6.40）的学生与结局变量有统计学意义。
与其他研究相比，经前期烦躁障碍的患病率较高。月经周期不规律、严重经痛（严重痛经）、社会支持差和避孕药具使用与经前期烦躁障碍之间存在很强的联系。这需要机构进行早期筛查和干预，以预防影响学生学业成绩的并发症和症状恶化。
