Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.
Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El- Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
Microb Cell Fact. 2024 May 23;23(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s12934-024-02400-6.
The continuous progress in nanotechnology is rapid and extensive with overwhelming futuristic aspects. Through modernizing inventive synthesis protocols, a paradigm leapfrogging in novelties and findings are channeled toward fostering human health and sustaining the surrounding environment. Owing to the overpricing and jeopardy of physicochemical synthesizing approaches, the quest for ecologically adequate schemes is incontestable. By developing environmentally friendly strategies, mycosynthesis of nanocomposites has been alluring.
Herein, a novel architecture of binary CuO and TiO in nanocomposites form was fabricated using bionanofactory Candida sp., for the first time. For accentuating the structural properties of CuTi nanocomposites (CuTiNCs), various characterization techniques were employed. UV-Vis spectroscopy detected SPR at 350 nm, and XRD ascertained the crystalline nature of a hybrid system. However, absorption peaks at 8, 4.5, and 0.5 keV confirmed the presence of Cu, Ti and oxygen, respectively, in an undefined assemblage of polygonal-spheres of 15-75 nm aggregated in the fungal matrix of biomolecules as revealed by EDX, SEM and TEM. However, FTIR, ζ-potential and TGA reflected long-term stability (- 27.7 mV) of self-functionalized CuTiNCs. Interestingly, a considerable and significant biocide performance was detected at 50 µg/mL of CuTiNCs against some human and plant pathogens, compared to monometallic counterparts. Further, CuTiNCs (200 µg/mL) ceased significantly the development of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans biofilms by 80.3 ± 1.4, 68.7 ± 3.0 and 55.7 ± 3.0%, respectively. Whereas, 64.63 ± 3.5 and 89.82 ± 4.3% antimicrofouling potentiality was recorded for 100 and 200 µg/ml of CuTiNCs, respectively; highlighting their destructive effect against marine microfoulers cells and decaying of their extracellular polymeric skeleton as visualized by SEM. Moreover, CuTiNCs (100 and 200 µg/ml) exerted significantly outstanding disinfection potency within 2 h by reducing the microbial load (i.e., total plate count, mold & yeast, total coliforms and faecal Streptococcus) in domestic and agricultural effluents reached >50%.
The synergistic efficiency provided by CuNPs and TiNPs in mycofunctionalized CuTiNCs boosted its recruitment as antiphytopathogenic, antibiofilm, antimicrofouling and disinfectant agent in various realms.
纳米技术的持续进步是迅速而广泛的，具有压倒性的未来主义方面。通过现代化的创新合成方案，新颖性和发现的范式飞跃被引导到促进人类健康和维持周围环境。由于物理化学合成方法的过高定价和危险，对生态适宜方案的探索是不可否认的。通过开发环保策略，真菌合成纳米复合材料具有吸引力。
本文首次使用生物纳米工厂 Candida sp. 构建了二元 CuO 和 TiO 的纳米复合材料的新型结构。为了强调 CuTi 纳米复合材料（CuTiNCs）的结构特性，采用了各种表征技术。紫外-可见光谱在 350nm 处检测到 SPR，XRD 确定了混合系统的结晶性质。然而，吸收峰在 8、4.5 和 0.5keV 处分别证实了 Cu、Ti 和氧的存在，这是通过 EDX、SEM 和 TEM 揭示的在真菌生物分子基质中聚合的 15-75nm 的多边形球体的不确定集合中。然而，FTIR、ζ-电势和 TGA 反映了自功能化 CuTiNCs 的长期稳定性（-27.7mV）。有趣的是，与单金属对应物相比，在 50μg/mL 的 CuTiNCs 对一些人类和植物病原体表现出相当大且显著的杀菌性能。此外，CuTiNCs（200μg/mL）分别以 80.3±1.4%、68.7±3.0%和 55.7±3.0%的抑制率显著阻止了金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌生物膜的发展。而对于 100 和 200μg/ml 的 CuTiNCs，分别记录了 64.63±3.5%和 89.82±4.3%的抗微生物污染潜力，突出了它们对海洋微生物污染细胞的破坏作用及其细胞外聚合物骨架的降解作用，这可以通过 SEM 观察到。此外，CuTiNCs（100 和 200μg/ml）在 2 小时内通过减少家庭和农业废水中的微生物负荷（即总平板计数、霉菌和酵母、总大肠菌群和粪便链球菌）表现出显著的消毒效果，超过 50%。
CuNPs 和 TiNPs 在真菌功能化 CuTiNCs 中的协同效率提高了其作为抗植物病原体、抗生物膜、抗微生物污染和消毒剂在各个领域的应用。
