Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2019 May 10;14:3439-3454. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S201626. eCollection 2019.
The microbial, physico-chemical and optical corruptions threaten a variety of foods and drugs and consequently the human biological safety and its accessible resources. The humanbeing's tendency towards bio-based materials and natural plant-extracts led to an increase in the usage of antimicrobial biocomposites based on medicinal herbs. Miswak ( L.) extract (SPE) has been proved effective for its antimicrobial and other biological activities. Therefore, in this study, titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (TONP) and SPE were applied to fabricate antimicrobial carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) based bio-nanocomposites which would simultaneously promote some thermo-physical and barrier properties. CMC-neat film (C1), CMC/TONP-2% (C2) and CMC/TONP-2% with 150, 300 and 450 mg/mL SPE (SPE150, SPE30 and SPE450, respectively) were fabricated. The physical and mechanical properties; elemental mapping analysis (MAP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG); fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and UV-vis spectroscopies were done to further validate the results. Addition of TONP (2%) improved the blocking of UV light at 280 nm while SPE-containing nanocomposites completely blocked it. FTIR, XRD and SEM confirmed the formation of homogeneous films and high miscibility of applied materials. TONP led to an increase in Young's modulus (YM) and stress at break (SB) while SPE decreased them and enhanced the elongation to break (EB) (flexibility) of the active nanocomposites. Compared to CMC-film, the thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG) showed a higher thermal stability for CMC/TONP and CMC/TONP/SPE nanocomposites. The EDX spectroscopy and elemental mapping analysis (MAP) proved the existence and well-distributedness of Na, K, Cl, S, Ti, F and N elements in SPE-activated nanocomposites. The pure SPE and SPE-activated nanocomposites showed a favorable antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive () and negative () bacteria. The CMC-TiO-SPE nanocomposites were homogeneously produced. Combination of TiO nanoparticles and dose-dependent SPE led to an improvement of thermal stability, and high potential in antimicrobial and UV-barrier properties. These results can generally highlight the role of the fabricated antimicrobial bio-nanocomposites as a based for different applications especially in food/drug packaging or coating.
微生物、物理化学和光学腐败会威胁到各种食品和药品，从而危及人类的生物安全和可利用资源。人类对生物基材料和天然植物提取物的倾向导致了基于草药的抗菌生物复合材料的使用增加。miswak(l.)提取物（SPE）已被证明具有抗菌和其他生物活性。因此，在本研究中，将纳米二氧化钛（TiO）纳米粒子（TONP）和 SPE 应用于制备抗菌羧甲基纤维素（Na-CMC）基生物纳米复合材料，同时可提高一些热物理和阻隔性能。制备了纯 CMC 薄膜（C1）、CMC/TONP-2%（C2）和 CMC/TONP-2%，其中含有 150、300 和 450mg/ml 的 SPE（SPE150、SPE30 和 SPE450）。进行了物理和机械性能、元素映射分析（MAP）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析（TGA-DTG）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、能量色散 X 射线（EDX）和紫外可见光谱分析，以进一步验证结果。添加 2%的 TONP 提高了 280nm 处紫外线的阻隔率，而含有 SPE 的纳米复合材料完全阻隔了紫外线。FTIR、XRD 和 SEM 证实了均匀薄膜的形成和应用材料的高混溶性。TONP 导致杨氏模量（YM）和断裂应力（SB）增加，而 SPE 降低了它们，并提高了活性纳米复合材料的断裂伸长率（EB）（柔韧性）。与 CMC 薄膜相比，热重分析（TGA-DTG）显示 CMC/TONP 和 CMC/TONP/SPE 纳米复合材料具有更高的热稳定性。EDX 光谱和元素映射分析（MAP）证明了 Na、K、Cl、S、Ti、F 和 N 元素在 SPE 激活纳米复合材料中的存在和均匀分布。纯 SPE 和 SPE 激活的纳米复合材料对革兰氏阳性（）和革兰氏阴性（）细菌均表现出良好的抗菌活性。均匀制备了 CMC-TiO-SPE 纳米复合材料。TiO 纳米粒子的组合和剂量依赖性 SPE 导致热稳定性的提高，并具有高抗菌和抗紫外线阻隔性能的潜力。这些结果可以突出所制备的抗菌生物纳米复合材料作为一种基础材料的作用，特别是在食品/药物包装或涂层方面。
